If x and y are positive integers, there exist unique integers q and r, called the quotient and remainder, respectively such that y=xq+r and 0≤ r<x .
For example, 28 is divided by 8, the quotient is 3 and the remainder is 4 since 28=8×3+4.
以上是OG中给出的余数定义。
根据定义 我们整理成GMAT对于余数的考点
考点1
A. 在y=qx+r中 r的范围是在[0, x)区间, 区间作为考点。
B. 在上式中 ,随着y每增加1 那么对应的r 要+1 直到到一个循环周期x (由 0 1 2 3…x-1作为一个完整的循环) r是有周期性 周期性作为考点。
C. 。本身y=qx+r 作为性质考点。在给出的例子中28=8×3+4 种作为函数考点
D. 同余问题
14 mod 6 =2 means14 is divided by 6 the remainder is 2 , x mod 6 is ?
1 x mod 3=x mod12
2 x mod 4=2
【解释】mod 就是取余函数 也就是问 x÷6的余数是多少?
1à x被3除的余数=x被12除的余数 说明余数<3 (当余数>3的时候 比如被12除余数是4 那么被3除余数=1 ≠4 ) 余数=0 1 or 2 not sufficient
2àx=4m+2 4m+2除6 未知m not sufficient
1+2à x mod 12=x mod 3=x mod4 (因为 3 and 4都是12的factor )
so x mod 12=2 =x mod 6 Sufficient
【答案】C
What is the remainder when 2204 is divided by 10?
【解释】
2的n次方的个位数 是2 4 8 6 四个一循环
被10除的余数 就是个位数 (10位以上不影响个位)
204 ÷4 余数=0 (用指数÷循环周期 看余数)
余数0对应6 个位数=6
【答案】6
If x is a positive integer, is the remainder 0 when is divided by 10?
(1)x = 4n + 2, where n is a positive integer.
(2)x > 4
A Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C BOTH statement TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
【解释】
1à3对应的是3 9 7 1 4n+2被4除余数是2 对应9 9+1 除以10 余数是0 sufficient
2à未知3x的个位数多少 +1后依然不确定 not sufficient
【答案】A
If x is a positive integer, when x divided by 3 the remainder is 2 what is the remainder when x²+3x+1 divided by 3?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 0
【解释】
x=3n+2 x²+3x+1=(3n+2)²+3(3n+2)+1=9n²+12n+4+9n+6+1=9n²+21n+11
divided by 9 9n² 21n 都能整除3 11÷3 余数=2
【答案】B 2
What is the remainder when the positive integer n is divided by 3?
(1)The remainder when n is divided by 2 is 1.
(2)The remainder when n + 1 is divided by 3 is 2.
A Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C BOTH statement TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
【解释】求n除3的余数
1àn被2除余1 写成 n=2x+1的形式 2x+1除以3 余数由x决定 not sufficient
2àn+1=3y+2(这里注意写成y 和x不同的字母以免混淆) n=3y+1 3y+1÷3 余1 sufficient
【答案】B
When positive integer x is divided by 5, the remainder is 3; and when x is divided by 7, the remainder is 4. When positive integer y is divided by 5, the remainder is 3; and when y is divided by 7, the remainder is 4. If x>y, which of the following must be a factor of x - y?
A. 12
B. 15
C. 20
D. 28
E. 35
【解释】
x=5m+3=7n+4 第一步 按照题意写出等式关系 (2个未知数)
化简 7n-5m=-1
14-15=-1 ∴ n=2 m=3 第二步 带入一个可以看出的数值 让等式成立(试数法)求出未知数的可行解
带入n=2 或者m=3 x=18 求出一个符合两个等式关系的x数值
5and 7 最小公倍数=35 第三步 求出两个等式关系的除数的最小公倍数
最后: 用最小公倍数作为新的除数 用可行解作为余数列出通式
x=35q+18
题干中 x y 都符合 35q+18 x>y x-y的差值 =35的倍数 选择E选项
【答案】E
余数题 是非常容易识别类型的一类题。实战中的题目变化也是相对比较多的。 除了上述类型模型,在奇偶性,数列,统计 和应用题的结合中,比重也不小。大家从余数题中 有简单的公式描述到余数的解题方法。从原理开始剖析 到完全了解一类题型的做法,是我们在AIO中重点和大家分享的。举一反三 是数学题唯一的破解方法。