浅谈跳跃修饰

跳跃修饰是很多同学感到棘手的一个高频语法点,有时候跳跃修饰不能选,有时候又可以选,到底标准是什么样的?如何去判断呢?


在回答上面的问题之前,首先,我们要明确所有的跳跃修饰都是针对名词修饰而言的(动词修饰本来就可以跳跃修饰),比如done,doing,定语从句,同位语和同位语从句,等。另外我们还需知道,跳跃修饰为什么会产生。一个名词后面可能会存在多个修饰语,比如,the law passed last year that makes the action a crime这里law后面有过去分词和定语从句修饰,不可能把它们都堆放在law后面,只能一前一后的摆放,这是产生跳跃修饰的根本原因。还有很多同学会关心如何去判断修饰语有没有跳跃修饰。这个只能通过语义去判断。比如这个例子里面,只有法律才可以使得这个行为成为犯罪。最后,有同学会问到,这个和我们平时讲的名词修饰需要就近会不会矛盾呢?其实并没有任何的矛盾。咱们做SC的总原则是选择最优选项,所以当你选择跳跃修饰的时候,一定是因为其他选项里面没有更好的结构了,如果存在更近的修饰,语义还是正确的选项,那么就一定不会去选择跳跃修饰的。


名词的跳跃修饰存在哪些情况呢?

1.介词短语修饰名词时

He had a way of dodging opponents that impressed the scouts.


2. 谓语非常短

A new CEO has been hired who will transfer the company by decentralizing authority to various division heads while increasing their accountability through the use of public scorecards.


3. 用逗号隔开的,非常短的插入语

Our system of Presidential elections favors states, such as Delaware, that by population are over-represented in the Electoral College.


4. 平行结构的修饰语

I want to retire to a place where I can relax and where the taxes are low.


这四种情况基本涵盖了最常见的跳跃修饰的可能性,但是确实在考试的时候,可能个别题目会跳出这几种情况,那是不是就一定不能做呢?我们来看看下面这道题目:

A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.

A. which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing

B. which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing

C. which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of

D. including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing

E. including the establishing of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of


这道题目从选项可以很清楚的知道考点是修饰和平行,语义上看,划线部分是要具体解释remedies有哪些,但是,我们发现不管是用which引导的定语从句还是用including这个介词结构修饰,距离remedies都非常远,跳跃了一个动词不定式和介词结构,同时也超过了上面总结的四种情况。然而,只要你记住做sc的总原则,这个矛盾就很好解决了:选项里面修饰remedies有没有更好的情况?没有的话,这个跳跃修饰就不再是问题,我们需要去关注其他的点了,比如which后面的主谓一致,以及平行结构。AB选项用includes,主谓不一致,直接排除;平行从后往前看,最后没画线用的是requiring commercial fishers….是doing sth结构,前面最好也用doing sth,形势保持一致,很快答案就能确定是D。


最后,请大家记住,语法点的学习只是一个方面,更重要的是记住做SC的总原则,比较更好的选项,不是选择完美选项,重在比,重在更好,这样你就不再会纠结。



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