削弱题-CR-PREP 07 test1 ：第61-73题 练习册详情

1

Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars. In Torinia, which has recently built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old. Aiming to boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution, the government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the likelihood that the planned incentives, if implemented, will achieve both of the cited aims?

• Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car.
• Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere.
• The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries.
• The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants.
• The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants.

9982人做过此题 平均耗时为9min10s 平均正确率为 51%

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2

Given that employees of the XYZ Company could, in theory, do their work at home, the company developed a radical plan to increase efficiency: eliminate office-space expenditures by having employees work at home. To evaluate this plan, XYZ's managers asked volunteers from the company's staff to try the arrangement for six months. There were several volunteers; significantly, their productivity during this period was as high as or higher than before.

Which of the following, if true, would argue most strongly against deciding, on the basis of the trial results, to implement the company's plan?

• The employees who agreed to participate in the test of the plan were among the company's most self-motivated and independent workers.
• The savings that would accrue from reduced office-space expenditures alone would be sufficient to justify implementation of the plan apart from any productivity increases.
• Other companies that have achieved successful results from work-at-home plans have work forces that are substantially larger than that of XYZ.
• The volunteers who worked at home were able to communicate with other employees as necessary for performing the work.
• Minor changes in the way office work is organized at XYZ would yield increases in employee productivity similar to those achieved in the trial.

4771人做过此题 平均耗时为3min1s 平均正确率为 48%

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3

A physically active lifestyle has been shown to help increase longevity. In the Wistar region of Bellaria, the average age at death is considerably higher than in any other part of the country. Wistar is the only mountainous part of Bellaria. A mountainous terrain makes even such basic activities as walking relatively strenuous; it essentially imposes a physically active lifestyle on people. Clearly, this circumstance explains the long lives of people in Wistar.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

• In Bellaria all medical expenses are paid by the government, so that personal income does not affect the quality of health care a person receives.
• The Wistar region is one of Bellaria, s least populated regions.
• Many people who live in the Wistar region have moved there in middle age or upon retirement.
• The many opportunities for hiking, skiing, and other outdoor activities that Wistar's mountains offer make it a favorite destination for vacationing Bellarians.
• Per capita spending on recreational activities is no higher in Wistar than it is in other regions of Bellaria.

10000人做过此题 平均耗时为3min42s 平均正确率为 67%

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4

Tiger beetles are such fast runners that they can capture virtually any nonflying insect. However, when running toward an insect, the beetles intermittently stop, and then, a moment later, resume their attack. Perhaps they cannot maintain their pace and must pause for a moment's rest; but an alternative hypothesis is that while running tiger beetles are unable to process the resulting rapidly changing visual information, and so quickly go blind and stop.

Which of the following, if discovered in experiments using artificially moved prey insects, would support one of the two hypotheses and undermine the other?

• When a prey insect is moved directly toward a beetle that has been chasing it, the beetle immediately turns and runs away without its usual intermittent stopping.
• In pursuing a moving insect, the beetles usually respond immediately to changes in the insect's direction, and pause equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline.
• The beetles maintain a fixed time interval between pauses, although when an insect that had been stationary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause.
• If, when a beetle pauses, it has not gained on the insect it is pursuing, the beetle generally ends its pursuit.
• When an obstacle is suddenly introduced just in front of running beetles, the beetles sometimes stop immediately, but they never respond by running around the barrier.

9996人做过此题 平均耗时为12min19s 平均正确率为 62%

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5

Situation: For five years the Souper restaurant chain has maintained rapid sales growth in Danport, primarily by opening new restaurants that draw patrons away from other restaurants in their vicinity.

Goal: Souper wishes to achieve continued rapid sales growth in Danport over the next two years.

Proposal for consideration: Continue to open new restaurants in Danport during the next two years at the same rate as in the last two years.

In light of the situation, which of the following, if true, most strongly argues that adopting the proposal would be an ineffective way of achieving the goal?

• At times at which customers find Souper restaurants too crowded, they often go to other restaurants nearby.
• The Souper chain has generally opened new restaurants in locations that are in the vicinity of a large number of other restaurants.
• Souper restaurants generally offer a much smaller variety of foods than many of the other restaurants in their vicinity.
• Virtually all potential sites for new Souper restaurants in Danport are located in the vicinity of existing Souper restaurants.
• Souper restaurants have always offered meals that are somewhat less expensive than meals at restaurants that compete with Souper for patrons.

9963人做过此题 平均耗时为8min51s 平均正确率为 45%

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6

In preparation for a large-scale tree-planting project, Thomasville has recorded the location, species, and condition of every tree in its downtown area. The results will be compared with results of the last such tree census, taken 20 years ago. Planting trees primarily from the species that turns out to have the best record of survival will assure downtown Thomasville of an abundant tree population 20 years from now.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the claim that the tree-planting proposal will assure an abundant tree population?

• Because of strict laws governing industrial development, environmental conditions in Thomasville are unlikely to become harsher for trees than they have been during the last 20 years.
• Thomasville has reliable records to show which trees in existence 20 years ago were cut down to permit new construction downtown.
• A number of trees from one of the species widespread in Thomasville 20 years ago reached the end of their natural life span in the intervening period.
• Very few species of trees grow as well in urban conditions as in natural conditions.
• A city with a high proportion of any one species of trees can have its tree population devastated by one outbreak of a disease.

3643人做过此题 平均耗时为11min30s 平均正确率为 40%

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7

The proposal to hire ten new police officers in Middletown is quite foolish. There is sufficient funding to pay the salaries of the new officers, but not the salaries of additional court and prison employees to process the increased caseload of arrests and convictions that new officers usually generate.

>Which of the following, if true, will most seriously weaken the conclusion drawn above?

• Studies had shown that an increase in city's place force does not necessarily reduce crime
• When one major city increased its police force by 19% last year, there were 40% more arrests and 13% more convictions
• If funding for the new police officers' salaries is approved, support for other city services will have to be reduced during the next fiscal year
• In most US cities, not all arrests result in convictions, and not all convictions result in prison terms
• Middletown's ratio of police officers to citizens has reached a level at which an increase in the number of officers will have a deterrent effect on crime

7024人做过此题 平均耗时为13min16s 平均正确率为 40%

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8

Mall owner: Our mall's occupancy rate is so low that we are barely making a profit. We cannot raise rents because of an unacceptably high risk of losing established tenants. On the other hand, a mall that is fully occupied costs about as much to run as one in which a rental space here and a rental space there stands empty. Clearly, therefore, to increase profits we must sign up new tenants.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

• The mall's operating costs could be cut by consolidating currently rented spaces in such a way that an entire wing of the mall could be closed up.
• The mall is located in a geographic area in which costs incurred for air-conditioning in the hot summers exceed those incurred for heating in the mid winters by a wide margin.
• The mall's occupancy rate, though relatively low, has been relatively stable for several years.
• The mall lost tenants as a result of each of the two major rent increases that have occurred there.
• None of the mall's established tenants is likely to need additional floor space there in the foreseeable future.

1134人做过此题 平均耗时为7min20s 平均正确率为 69%

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9

Theatergoer: In January of last year, the Megaplex chain of movie theaters started popping its popcorn in canola oil, instead of the less healthful coconut oil that it had been using until then. Now Megaplex is planning to switch back, saying that the change has hurt popcorn sales. That claim is false, however, since according to Megaplex's own sales figures, Megaplex sold five percent more popcorn last year than in the previous year.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the theatergoer's argument?

• When it switched from using coconut oil to using canola oil, Megaplex made sure that the chain received a great deal of publicity stressing the health benefits of the change.
• Megaplex makes more money on food and beverages sold at its theaters than it does on sales of movie tickets.
• In a survey to determine pubic response to the change to canola oil, very few of Megapiex's customers said that the change had affected their popcorn-buying habits.
• Total sales of all food and beverage items at Megaplex's movie theaters increased by less than five percent last year.
• Total attendance at Megaplex's movie theaters was more than 20 percent higher last year than the year before.

862人做过此题 平均耗时为3min31s 平均正确率为 64%

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10

Perkins: According to an article I read, the woolly mammoth's extinction in North America coincided with a migration of humans onto the continent 12,000 years ago, and stone spearheads from this period indicate that these people were hunters. But the author's contention that being hunted by humans contributed to the woolly mammoth's extinction is surely wrong since, as paleontologists know, no spearheads have ever been found among the many mammoth bones that have been unearthed.

Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest reason for discounting the evidence Perkins cites in arguing against the contention that being hunted by humans contributed to the North American extinction of woolly mammoths?

• At sites where mammoth bones dating from 12,000 years ago have been unearthed, bones of other mammals have rarely been found.
• The stone from which stone spearheads were made is unlikely to have disintegrated over the course of 12,000 years.
• Conditions in North America 12,000 years ago were such that humans could not have survived there on a diet that did not include substantial amounts of meat.
• Cave paintings in North America that date from 12,000 years ago depict woolly mammoths as well as a variety of other animals, including deer and buffalo.
• Because of the great effort that would have been required to produce each stone spearhead, hunters would have been unlikely to leave them behind.

822人做过此题 平均耗时为4min3s 平均正确率为 65%

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11

A study of high blood pressure treatments found that certain meditation techniques and the most commonly prescribed drugs are equally effective if the selected treatment is followed as directed over the long term. Half the patients given drugs soon stop taking them regularly, whereas eighty percent of the study's participants who were taught meditation techniques were still regularly using them five years later. Therefore, the meditation treatment is the one likely to produce the best results.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

• People who have high blood pressure are usually advised by their physicians to make changes in diet that have been found in many cases to reduce the severity of the condition.
• The participants in the study were selected in part on the basis of their willingness to use meditation techniques.
• Meditation techniques can reduce the blood pressure of people who do not suffer from high blood pressure.
• Some of the participants in the study whose high blood pressure was controlled through meditation techniques were physicians.
• Many people with dangerously high blood pressure are unaware of their condition.

542人做过此题 平均耗时为4min32s 平均正确率为 45%

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12

In the late 1980s,the population of sea otters in the North Pacific began to decline.There are two plausible explanations for the decline:predation,possibly by killer whales,or disease.Of these two,disease is the more likely,since a concurrent sharp decline in populations of seals and sea lions is believed to have been caused by disease,and diseases that infect these creatures are likely to be able to infect sea otters also.

Which of the following,if true,most seriously weakens the reasoning?

• Killer whales in the North Pacific usually prey on seals and sea lions but will,when this food source is scarce,seek out other prey.
• There is no indication that the sea otter population at any North Pacific location declined in the 1980s because of substantial numbers of sea otters migrating to other locations.
• Along the Pacific coast of North America in the 1980s,sea otters were absent from many locations where they had been relatively common in former times.
• Following the decline in the population of the sea otters,there was an increase in the population of sea urchins,which are sea otters' main food source.
• The North Pacific populations of seals and sea lions cover a wider geographic area than does the population of sea otters.

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13

Southington University's fund-raisers succeeded in getting donations from 80 percent of the potential donors they contacted this year. This rate would be the expected rate if the only potential donors contacted were those who have donated in the past. But good fund-raisers constantly contact less likely prospects in an effort to expand the donor base. Thus the high success rate, far from showing that the fund-raisers did a good job, shows insufficient canvassing effort.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

• Among potential donors contacted by Southington University's fund-raiser,the majority of those who did not make donations were people who had made donations to the university in the past.
• The amount of money raised bt Southington University's fundraiser this year was lower than the amount they had raised in any of the previous several years.
• Individual donations made to Southington University this year were,on average,slightly larger than were average indivdual donations made to many other universities.
• Fund-raisers contacting past donors are not only to get new donations but also to get names of potential new donors to contact.
• The majority of the donations that fund-raisers succeeded in getting for Southington University were from donors who had never given to the University before.

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