加强题-OG22-CR：第21-32题 练习册详情

1

Petrochemical industry officials have said that the extreme pressure exerted on plant managers during the last five years to improve profits by cutting costs has done nothing to impair the industry's ability to operate safely. However, environmentalists contend that the recent rash of serious oil spills and accidents at petrochemical plants is traceable to cost-cutting measures.

Which of the following, if true, would provide the strongest support for the position held by industry officials?

• The petrochemical industry benefits if accidents do not occur, since accidents involve risk of employee injury as well as loss of equipment and product.
• Petrochemical industry unions recently demanded that additional money be spent on safety and environment protection measures, but the unions readily abandoned those demands in exchange for job security.
• Despite major cutbacks in most other areas of operation, the petrochemical industry has devoted more of its resources to environmental and safety measures in the last five years than in the preceding five years.
• There is evidence that the most damaging of the recent oil spills would have been prevented had cost-cutting measures not been instituted.
• Both the large fines and adverse publicity generated by the most recent oil spills have prompted the petrochemical industry to increase the resources devoted to oil-spill prevention.

9483人做过此题 平均耗时为47min44s 平均正确率为 43%

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2

A company has developed a new sensing device that, according to the company's claims, detects weak, ultralow-frequency electromagnetic signals associated with a beating heart. These signals, which pass through almost any physical obstruction, are purportedly detected by the device even at significant distances. Therefore, if the company's claims are true, their device will radically improve emergency teams ability to locate quickly people who are trapped within the wreckage of collapsed buildings.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

• People trapped within the wreckage of collapsed buildings usually have serious injuries that require prompt medical treatment.
• The device gives a distinctive reading when the signals it detects come from human beings rather than from any other living beings.
• Most People who have survived after being trapped in collapsed buildings were rescued within two hours of the building's collapse.
• Ultralow-frequency signals are not the only electromagnetic signals that can pass through almost any physical obstruction.
• Extensive training is required in order to operate the device effectively.

7553人做过此题 平均耗时为32min59s 平均正确率为 59%

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3

Coffee shop owner: A large number of customers will pay at least the fair market value for a cup of coffee, even if there is no formal charge. Some will pay more than this out of appreciation of the trust that is placed in them. And our total number of customers is likely to increase. We could therefore improve our net cash flow by implementing an honor system in which customers pay what they wish for coffee by depositing money in a can.

Manager: We're likely to lose money on this plan. Many customers would cheat the system, paying a very small sum or nothing at all.

which of the following, if true, would best support the owner's plan, in light of the manager's concern?

• The new system, if implemented, would increase the number of customers.
• By roasting its own coffee, the shop has managed to reduce the difficulties (and cost) of maintaining an inventory of freshly roasted coffee.
• Many customers stay in the cafe for long stretches of time.
• The shop makes a substantial profit from pastries and other food bought by the coffee drinkers.
• No other coffee shop in the area has such a system.

9998人做过此题 平均耗时为25min44s 平均正确率为 60%

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4

Certain groups of Asian snails include both “left-handed” and “right-handed” species, with shells coiling to the left and right, respectively. Some left-handed species have evolved from right-handed ones. Also, researchers found that snaileating snakes in the same habitat have asymmetrical jaws, allowing them to grasp right-handed snail shells more easily. If these snakes ate more right-handed snails over time, this would have given left-handed snails an evolutionary advantage over right-handed snails, with the left handed snails eventually becoming a new species. Thus, the snakes' asymmetrical jaws probably helped drive the emergence of the left-handed snail species.

Which of the following would, if true, most strengthen the argument that asymmetrical snake jaws helped drive left-handed snail evolution?

• In one snake species, the snakes with asymmetrical jaws eat snails, while the snakes with symmetrical jaws do not eat snails.
• Some species of Asian snails contain either all right-handed snails, or all lefthanded snails.
• Anatomical differences prevent left-handed snails from mating easily with right-handed snails.
• Some right-handed snails in this habitat have shells with a very narrow opening that helps prevent snakes from extracting the snails from inside their shells.
• Experiments show that the snail-eating snakes in this habitat fail more often in trying to eat left-handed snails than in trying to eat right-handed snails.

4216人做过此题 平均耗时为36min58s 平均正确率为 54%

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5

A moderately large city is redesigning its central downtown area and is considering a plan that would reduce the number of lanes for automobiles and trucks and increase those for bicycles and pedestrians. The intent is to attract more workers and shoppers to downtown businesses by making downtown easier to reach and more pleasant to move around in.

Which of the following would, if true, most strongly support the prediction that the plan would achieve its goal?

• People who make a habit of walking or bicycling whenever feasible derive significant health benefits from doing so.
• Most people who prefer to shop at suburban malls instead of downtown urban areas do so because parking is easier and cheaper at the former.
• In other moderately sized cities where measures were taken to make downtowns more accessible for walkers and cyclists, downtown businesses began to thrive.
• If the proposed lane restrictions on drivers are rigorously enforced, more people will likely be attracted to downtown businesses than would otherwise be.
• Most people who own and frequently ride bicycles for recreational purposes live at a significant distance from downtown urban areas.

4400人做过此题 平均耗时为33min31s 平均正确率为 67%

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6

Previously, Autoco designed all of its cars itself and then contracted with specialized parts suppliers to bulid parts according to its specifications. Now it plans to include its suppliers in designing the parts they are to build. Since many parts suppliers have more designers with specialized experience than Autoco has, Autoco expects this shift to reduce the overall time and cost of the design of its next new car.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports Autoco's expectation?

• When suppliers provide their own designs, Autoco often needs to modify its overall design.
• In order to provide designs for Autoco, several of the parts suppliers will have to add to their existing staffs of designers.
• Parts and services provided by outside suppliers account for more than 50 percent of Autoco's total costs.
• When suppliers built parts according to specifications provided by Autoco, the suppliers competed to win contracts.
• Most of Autoco's suppliers have on hand a wide range of previously prepared parts designs that can readily be modified for a new car.

5639人做过此题 平均耗时为31min23s 平均正确率为 49%

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7

In response to viral infection, the immune systems of mice typically produce antibodies that destroy the virus by binding to proteins on its surface. Mice infected with the herpesvirus generally develop keratitis, a degenerative disease affecting part of the eye. Since proteins on the surface of cells in this part of the eye closely resemble those on the herpesvirus surface, scientists hypothesize that these cases of keratitis are caused by antibodies to the herpesvirus.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to support the scientists' reasoning?

• Other types of virus have surface proteins that closely resemble proteins found in various organs of mice.
• Mice that are infected with the herpesvirus but do not develop keratitis produce as many antibodies as infected mice that do develop keratitis
• Mice infected With a new strain of the herpesvirus that has different surface proteins did not develop keratitis
• Mice that have never been infected with the herpesvirus can sometimes develop keratitis
• There are mice that are unable to form antibodies in response to herpes infections, and these mice contract herpes at roughly the same rate as other mice

8293人做过此题 平均耗时为44min1s 平均正确率为 69%

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8

In Stenland, many workers have been complaining that they cannot survive on minimum wage, the lowest wage an employer is permitted to pay. The government is proposing to raise the minimum wage. Many employers who pay their workers the current minimum wage argue that if it is raised, unemployment will increase because they will no longer be able to afford to employ as many workers.

Which of the following, if true in Stenland, most strongly supports the claim that raising the minimum wage there will not have the effects that the employers predict?

• For any position with wages below a living wage, the difficulty of finding and retaining employees adds as much to employment costs as would raising wages.
• Raising the minimum wage does not also increase the amount employers have to contribute in employee benefits.
• When inflation is taken into account, the proposed new minimum wage is not high as the current one was when it was introduced.
• Many employees currently being paid wages at the level of the proposed new minimum wage will demand significant wage increases.
• Many employers who pay some workers only the minimum wage also pay other workers wages that are much higher than the minimum.

9965人做过此题 平均耗时为42min13s 平均正确率为 62%

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9

Several industries have recently switched at least partly from older technologies powered by fossil fuels to new technologies powered by electricity. It is thus evident that less fossil fuel is being used as a result of the operations of these industries than would have been used if these industries had retained their older technologies.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?

• Many of the industries that have switched at least partly to the new technologies have increased their output.
• Less fossil fuel was used to manufacture the machinery employed in the new technologies than was originally used to manufacture the machinery employed in the older technologies.
• More electricity is used by those industries that have switched at least partly to the new technologies than by those industries that have not switched.
• Some of the industries that have switched at least partly to the new technologies still use primarily technologies that are powered by fossil fuels.
• The amount of fossil fuel used to generate the electricity needed to power the new technologies is less than the amount that would have been used to power the older technologies.

9997人做过此题 平均耗时为11min29s 平均正确率为 44%

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10

Newspaper editors should not allow reporters to write the headlines for their own stories. The reason for this is that, while the headlines that reporters themselves write are often clever, what typically makes them clever is that they allude to little-known information that is familiar to the reporter but that never appears explicitly in the story itself.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

• The reporter who writes a story is usually better placed than the reporter's editor is to judge what 'the story's most newsworthy features are.
• To write a headline that is clever, a person must have sufficient understanding of the story that the headline accompanies.
• Most reporters rarely bother to find out how other reporters have written stories and headlines about the same events that they themselves have covered.
• For virtually any story that a reporter writes, there are at least a few people who know more about the story's subject matter than does the reporter.
• The kind of headlines that newspaper editors want are those that anyone who has read a reporter's story in its entirety will recognize as clever.

8489人做过此题 平均耗时为41min59s 平均正确率为 46%

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11

Between 1980 and 2000 the sea otter population of the Aleutian Islands declined precipitously. There were no signs of disease or malnutrition, so there was probably an increase in the number of otters being eaten by predators. Orcas will eat otters when seals, their normal prey, are unavailable, and the Aleutian Islands seal population declined dramatically in the 1980s. Therefore, orcas were most likely the immediate cause of the otter population decline.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

• The population of sea urchins, the main food of sea otters, has increased since the sea otter population declined.
• Seals do not eat sea otters, nor do they compete with sea otters for food.
• Most of the surviving sea otters live in a bay that is inaccessible to orcas.
• The population of orcas in the Aleutian Islands has declined since the 1980s.
• An increase in commercial fishing near the Aleutian Islands in the 1980s caused a slight decline in the population of the fish that seals use for food.

9640人做过此题 平均耗时为39min38s 平均正确率为 45%

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12

Studies in restaurants show that the tips left by customers who pay their bill in cash tend to be larger when the bill is presented on a tray that bears a credit card logo. Consumer psychologists hypothesize that simply seeing a credit-card logo makes many credit card holders willing to spend more because it reminds them that their spending power exceeds the cash they have immediately available.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the psychologists' interpretation of the studies?

• The effect noted in the studies is not limited to patrons who have credit cards.
• Patrons who are under financial pressure from their credit-card obligations tend to tip less when presented with a restaurant bill on a tray with a credit-card logo than when the tray has no logo.
• In virtually all of the cases in the studies, the patrons who paid bills in cash did not possess credit cards.
• In general, restaurant patrons who pay their bills in cash leave larger tips than do those who pay by credit card.
• The percentage of restaurant bills paid with a given brand of credit card increases when that credit card's logo is displayed on the tray with which the bill is presented.

9915人做过此题 平均耗时为28min15s 平均正确率为 69%

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