【GMAT考满分阅读RC题库】Manufacturers have to do more than build large man_真题_答案

- 阅读RC -

题目内容

题目材料

Manufacturers have to do more than build large manufacturing plants to realize economies of scale.It is true that as the capacity of a manufacturing operation rises, costs per unit of output fall as plant size approaches "minimum efficient scale," where the cost per unit of output reaches a minimum, determined roughly by the state of existing technology and size of the potential market. However, minimum efficient scale cannot be fully realized unless a steady "throughput" (the flow of materials through a plant) is attained. The throughput needed to maintain the optimal scale of production requires careful coordination not only of the flow of goods through the production process, but also of the flow of input from suppliers and the flow of output to wholesalers and final consumers. If throughput falls below a critical point, unit costs rise sharply and profits disappear. A manufacturer's fixed costs and "sunk costs" (original capital investment in the physical plant) do not decrease when production declines due to inadequate supplies of raw materials, problems on the factory floor, or inefficient sales networks. Consequently, potential economies of scale are based on the physical and engineering characteristics of the production facilities—that is, on tangible capital—but realized economies of scale are operational and organizational, and depend on knowledge, skills, experience, and teamwork—that is, on organized human capabilities, or intangible capital.

The importance of investing in intangible capital becomes obvious when one looks at what happens in new capital-intensive manufacturing industries. Such industries are quickly dominated, not by the first firms to acquire technologically sophisticated plants of theoretically optimal size, but rather by the first to exploit the full potential of such plants. Once some firms achieve this, a market becomes extremely hard to enter. Challengers must construct comparable plants and do so after the first movers have already worked out problems with suppliers or with new production processes. Challengers must create distribution networks and marketing systems in markets where first movers have all the contacts and know-how. And challengers must recruit management teams to compete with those that have already mastered these functional and strategic activities.

The passage suggests that which of the following is true of a manufacturer's fixed and sunk costs?

AThe extent to which they are determined by market conditions for the goods being manufactured is frequently underestimated.
BIf they are kept as low as possible, the manufacturer is very likely to realize significant profits.
CThey are the primary factor that determines whether a manufacturer will realize economies of scale.
D They should be on a par with the fixed and sunk costs of the manufacturer's competitors.
E They are not affected by fluctuations in a manufacturing plant's throughput.

显示答案

正确答案: E

讨论题目或发起提问

题目讨论

按热度
按顺序

jzq1994

B 错在原文只说了当cost高时，利润低。但并没有说当cost低时，利润就一定高

2015-04-14 10:47:57 IP属地：局域网举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

Yiwix 回复 jzq1994

借楼
我觉得这题是个非常难的题，虽然可以做对，但是E项是真的不好选。
大部分做对的可能是因为经济常识就选E，但是我特别注意到这一点怕被坑就没选，因为E中是fluctuations，但原文只提到了decrease，所以这样不能判断。这题选E是因为，production变动会影响throughout，第一段中有；但是production变动不会影响两种成本，所以throughout和成本无关。

2018-11-12 11:58:43 IP属地：北京举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

allison2017 回复 jzq1994

这篇文章好多同义替换
A manufacturer`s fixed costs and "sunk costs" do not decrease when production declines due to ...后面这一堆都是throughput的同义替换
所以costs不受production影响；而production不受throughput影响。因此costs不受throughput影响

2019-08-12 10:46:47 IP属地：北京举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

luckyboom 回复 jzq1994

所以选项说的是very likely 啊，为什么呢，求教-- --

2019-07-07 12:06:38 IP属地：北京举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

Ryan5920 回复 Yiwix

这个逻辑有问题啊。A会影响B，A不会影响C，所以B与C无关？

2019-07-13 15:53:32 IP属地：北京举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

成名曲种太阳

定位在 A manufacturer’s fixed costs and sunk cost (original capital investment in the physical plant) do not decrease when production declines due to inadequate supplies of raw materials, problems on the factory floor, or inefficient sales networks. 通篇在讲什么影响throughput，但fixed costs and sunk cost 并不会被影响，注意do not decrease.

2018-01-04 02:08:09 IP属地：广东举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

Yiwix

我觉得这题是个非常难的题，虽然可以做对，但是E项是真的不好选。
大部分做对的可能是因为经济常识就选E，但是我特别注意到这一点怕被坑就没选，因为E中是fluctuations，但原文只提到了decrease，所以这样不能判断。这题选E是因为，production变动会影响throughout，第一段中有；但是production变动不会影响两种成本，所以throughout和成本无关。

2018-11-12 11:58:28 IP属地：北京举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

samiyxj

细节题找原句A manufacturer’s fixed costs and "sunk costs" (original capital investment in the physical plant) do not decrease when production declines due to inadequate supplies of raw materials, problems on the factory floor, or inefficient sales networks. 不受原材料等的影响换言之就是不受throughput的影响。

2017-10-21 21:18:42 IP属地：上海举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

mry233

题目只是说这些cost不会随着那些因素减少...但是并非“not affected”呀

2018-03-16 20:22:39 IP属地：江西举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

dhuqcl

C哪里错了

2017-05-11 17:29:02 IP属地：河南举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

wowwow88 回复 dhuqcl

看到primary这么言之凿凿的词就应该警惕C选项了。这些costs确实是factors，但是不是 primary factors，因为选项提到了【realize】，而原文说了【but realized economies of scale depend on knowledge, skills, experience, and teamwork】，这些和costs都没关系。

2017-07-08 21:33:46 IP属地：上海举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

成名曲种太阳回复 dhuqcl

Consequently, 【potential economies of scale】 are based on the physical and engineering characteristics of the production facilities-that is, on tangible capital-but 【 realized economies of scale】are operational and organizational, and depend on knowledge, skills, experience, and teamwork-that is, on organized human capabilities, or intangible capital. 这句回答了什么 realize economies of scale, 所以C选项不正确。

2018-08-16 13:26:10 IP属地：北京举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

KarensGmat 回复 wowwow88

其实就是throughput

2018-04-01 09:36:25 IP属地：四川举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

党中央

文章讲的是固定投入，原材料，市场的搭配才能达到规模经济，反对的就是片面强调某一因素。

2017-10-02 21:21:42 IP属地：江苏举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

twostepshigh

throughput与production替换改写

2018-09-15 18:24:59 IP属地：北京举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

提着屠刀杀鸡

原文说到fixed sunk cost的时候说的是不受production declines due to inadequate supplies of raw materials, problems on the factory floor, or inefficient sales networks的影响，前面说throughput的时候说了它受到careful coordination not only of the flow of goods through the production process but also of the flow of input from suppliers and the flow of output to wholesalers and final consumers.的影响所以fixed sunk cost是不受到throughput影响

2019-11-23 10:15:59 IP属地：局域网举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

snail120

C为什么错？文中不是说：potential economies of scale are based on the physical and engineering characteristics of the production facilities - that is, on tangible capital. 我的理解是1、potential economies of scale不等于economies scale,但是潜在的经济规模被开发出来不就是经济规模么，文章这部分不就是在说如何实现经济规模么，所以我觉得这么说不通2、A is based on B 不等于 B determines A，难道是这点？

2015-05-18 17:04:54 IP属地：辽宁举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

wowwow88 回复 snail120

因为你没看你提到的这句的后半句。C选项有提到【realize】这个词，而第一段最后已经明确说明了【but realized economies of scale depend on knowledge, skills, experience, and teamwork】。你的前半句相当于是在说企业的上限，这个上限确实是由tangible capital决定的；而后半句和C选项都在强调【realize】的问题，即实际情况如何，可以理解为下限，所以这个下限并不是由costs决定的。

2017-07-08 21:38:57 IP属地：上海举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

飞飞弟弟

A 求解释

2018-10-29 20:35:00 IP属地：北京举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

antibioticsss 回复飞飞弟弟

文章中没有说有人把fixed cost 的作用低估啊，根本没有这层意思的我觉得

2018-11-25 17:00:35 IP属地：北京举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

正确率： 26%

难度：

题目来源

暂无来源

GMAT 考满分题库