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<p zoompage-fontsize="16">Statisticians analyzing the behavioral patterns of consumers who shopped during the holidays have discovered that the impetus for purchasing expensive products is advertising exposure, not a reasoned evaluation of the products in question.p>
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<p>Moon Incorporated produces and distributes the same hubcaps as Sun Incorporated. Steel procurement amounts to about 50 percent of the costs required to produce these hubcaps at both Moon Incorporated and Sun Incorporated. Moon Incorporated is looking to increase its market share at the expense of Sun Incorporated. Thus, pursuant to this end, Moon Incorporated should procure less expensive steel.p>
<p>Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?p>
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<p>A likely challenger to Mayor Stephenson in next year’s election has recently stated that the city’s budget is in shambles, citing as evidence the city’s overspending on transportation this year. Portraying the current state of things as intolerable is always in the interest of a challenger to an incumbent, but it is particularly unwarranted in this case. It is true that overspending is generally undesirable, but in this case it was both unavoidable and ultimately advantageous. Failure by past mayors to attend to transportation-infrastructure maintenance forced this administration to make emergency repairs that will lower maintenance and repair costs for the city’s transportation budgets for years to come.p>
<p>In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?p>
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<p>A new drug to lower cholesterol has entered the market that, when used in combination with existing drugs called statins, can reduce the risk of heart disease more effectively than statins alone. Patients who tried the new drug in a clinical trial were able to lessen their daily dose of statins without a corresponding increase in blood cholesterol levels. Statins alone, however, cost less, and the money patients saved on statins rarely surpassed the added cost of the new drug. Therefore, for most patients with high cholesterol, adding the new drug to their treatment regimen would be unlikely to lower healthcare costs.p>
<p>Which of the following would it be most helpful to know in order to analyze the argument?p>
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<p>Some individuals have an allergic sensitivity to certain proteins, some of which are found in the rubber most often used to make surgical gloves. However, because Manufacturer X does not use those types of rubber in its gloves, individuals who need to use surgical gloves but are allergic to those proteins can use the gloves made by Manufacturer X without risking an allergic reaction.p>
<p>Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?p>
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<p>Microchip Manufacturer’s Press Release: Electronic Analysis Quarterly described the DuoCore k457 as having the lowest failure rate of any computer processor in its category. This indicates that the DuoCore k457 may be the most reliable chip on the market.p>
<p>Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the advertisement?p>
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<p zoompage-fontsize="16">That future teachers do not always select the most rigorous preparation programs cannot truly be said that they are at fault: The National Council on Teacher Quality, a think tank that advocates for higher standards for classroom teachers, only began publishing comprehensive program rankings in 2013.p>
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<p>It can be inferred from the passage that the “academics” mentioned in believe which of the following to be true?p>
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<p>Many sectors of the economy are beginning to use technology to automate functions that were previously performed by human workers. As a result, many economists expect that unemployment will increase in these sectors as demand falls for both “skilled” and “unskilled” labor. However, one company that is using automation plans to profit by moving workers whose tasks are becoming automated into customer service, which cannot be performed accurately by machines.p>
<p>Which of the following, if true, would most strongly support the prediction that the company’s plan will succeed?p>
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<p zoompage-fontsize="16">The signatories of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) agreed to limit trade restrictions between nations party to the treaty, but certain signatories have lately indicated that they will suspend all tariffs in the near future, but only if nations who are not party to NAFTA, including Russia, China, and Germany, were to reduce the impact of particular non-competitive trade policies.p>
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<p>Polar bears depend on sea ice, which melts during exceptionally warm weather, for access to food. When warm weather lasts longer than normal, polar bears accumulate fat—energy stored for their long winter hibernation—more slowly and weigh less, on average, as a result. At the same time, during periods of prolonged cold, polar bears weigh significantly less than they usually do, on average.p>
<p>Which of the following, if true, does most to explain the contrast described above?p>
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<p>Philosopher: Moral codes enable people to form communities by facilitating cooperation in the pursuit of shared or mutually beneficial goals. This does not mean, however, that a human’s every action must be perfectly just. Instead, for morality to serve this purpose, there must only be reason to believe that expectations of basic moral behavior will usually be met.p>
<p>The philosopher’s statements, if true, most strongly support which of the following conclusions?p>
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<p zoompage-fontsize="16">The state legislature made a major error in the bill funding a new digital system to detect speeding violations on state freeways. The bill provides sufficient funding to pay for the digital system and its maintenance, but it provides no funding for the salaries of the additional administrative employees that will be necessary to process the fines and violations that this new system will generate. The bureaucratic deadlock resulting from the lack of necessary personnel will more than offset any gains from the system.p>
<p zoompage-fontsize="16">Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion drawn above?p>
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<p>Recent research on preschoolers suggests that the more the children participate in shared story-reading, their development is faster in oral and written language.p>
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<p>Renowned musician Andrew Tanning, a recipient of the prestigious President’s medal, said he wished not so much for a public career but more for a chance to follow in the footsteps of his father, who was also a musician.p>
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<p zoompage-fontsize="16">Factories A and B are each equipped with identical manufacturing equipment and produce a similar number of items each week. However, the quality assurance team in factory A consistently finds far fewer defects in its factory's products than does the team in factory B. Therefore, follows that the staff at factory B must be underperforming.p>
<p zoompage-fontsize="16">Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the conclusion above?p>
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<p>In most countries, lower taxes stimulate economic growth, which is an increase of the capacity of an economy to produce goods and services. In the nation of Tattua, economic growth is significantly higher than it is in the nation of Hothal. Clearly, therefore, Tattua's industries must, on the whole, be further advanced technologically than Hothal's are.p>
<p>The argument is most vulnerable to which of the following criticisms?p>
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<p>Geologists believe that one of the largest volcanic eruptions in human history occurred 74,000 years ago, the Toba supereruption. In one area, Middle Paleolithic tools of similar styles have been found and dated to closely before and after the Toba supereruption, indicating that the humans who lived after the supereruption were members of the population that had lived in that area prior to the eruption.p>
<p>Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?p>
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<p>Which of the following most logically completes the argument?p>
<p>The claim that Homo habilis, Homo rudolfensis and Homo erectus, three classifications of hominids extant about 2 million years ago, might represent a single species, is considered tentative, since it is based on a single analysis in the journal Science of a single fossil specimen known as "skull 5." One evolutionary biologist reports several of his colleagues are writing concurring articles. Nonetheless even if that prediction proves correct, these new articles will lend no support to the claim that the three species are in fact one, since _______________.p>
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<p>For the positive numbers, , , , , what is the ratio of the mean to the median?p>
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