Because there are terms of the International Maritime Organization that stipulate that every vessel that gets an identification number also be outfitted with an automatic onboard tracking system, they have partly deterred illegal fishing.

Many people believe that such activities as owning a pet, taking care of another's pet, or babysitting an infant not only confer the capacity of friendship on a child but also develop role-taking skills, since that child must put him- or herself in the pet or infant's situation and imagine how that pet or infant feels.

The ministry asserts that improvements in sentiment indicators are evidence that the economy will dodge the uncertainty that had been caused earlier by the euro debt crisis and instead grow by 1.8 percent in 2014.

Invented for use in short wavelength radar during WWII, the cavity magnetron, which was able to produce electromagnetic waves at a lower frequency than had previously been possible, was the basis for the development of the common microwave oven.

     The World Bank has offered ethical guidance to the governments of nations in making priority-setting decisions for pharmaceutical policy. A leading point of this counsel is to respond in only limited ways to patient demands for therapies that are not cost-effective. In every healthcare system, there is a possibility, and, frankly, a reality of overspending in the course of treatment, wasting a nation's limited resources. Patients who independently finance needless treatments that create no further medical costs manifest a less problematic form of overspending, but their treatment nevertheless potentially represents economic dead weight and the diversion of limited resources that could be applied toward necessary ends. Overspending public funds is even more problematic, since public sector spending is systematic and controllable through policy. Most serious is over-medication that harms the patient or others. A leading example of such an erroneous practice is the excessive administration of antibiotics, which, in fostering antimicrobial resistance, may pose as much risk or even greater risk than under-administration of vaccines. Decreasing wasteful medical expenditures is important in the effort to the World Bank's suggested primary goal, which is to maintain a cost-effective pharmaceutical system that maximally, and equitably, improves population health.      Furthermore, the World Bank recommended, as a counterpart to these measures, efforts to improve the population's understanding of pharmaceutical uses and choices. This long-term goal is equally important and equally difficult to achieve in wealthier nations. Better public understanding helps decrease the tension between less-informed wants and well-determined needs. Culturally ingrained maxims, such as a preference for injections, do not change overnight. Furthermore, relying on brand identification can be a rational strategy for information-limited consumers worldwide. Nevertheless, moving citizens to a more informed and empowered position is an ethical obligation, as well as a strategy to reduce costs and minimize risks.  

When Medgar Evers applied to the then-segregated University of Mississippi Law School in February 1954, he did so at a crucial moment in American history. Three months later, in May, the Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education struck down state-sponsored segregation, stating that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." The school’s refusal to admit Evers drew the interest of the NAACP and ultimately became the epicenter of its historic campaign to desegregate the school.

The Brown v. Board of Education ruling paved the way for integration and was a major victory for the civil rights movement, but the South was not ready to accept the change. The state governments of Texas, Arkansas, Florida and Alabama actively fought the decision, with some politicians physically blocking African American students’ entry into high schools and universities, moving aside only when confronted with military officers sent by the federal government to enforce the law. The entrenched racism of the South came into conflict with the rest of the country, creating a sense for African Americans that they would have to fight for the rights that had, legally, already been granted to them.

Evers was an active public figure, conducting well-publicized investigations into race-based injustices being perpetrated in the South, such as the unprosecuted murder of fourteen-year-old Emmett Till. This limelight brought numerous death threats and attempts on his life. On June 12, 1963, just hours after President John F. Kennedy's historic Civil Rights Address, Evers was shot in the back outside his home by a white supremacist. While his death was undoubtedly a tragic loss, some scholars have suggested that it galvanized the African American community, giving many members renewed motivation to carry on Evers’s crusade. His murder was a rallying cry for those who supported civil rights in the U.S., and his legacy continues to lend strength to the ongoing campaign for racial equality.

     The World Bank has offered ethical guidance to the governments of nations in making priority-setting decisions for pharmaceutical policy. A leading point of this counsel is to respond in only limited ways to patient demands for therapies that are not cost-effective. In every healthcare system, there is a possibility, and, frankly, a reality of overspending in the course of treatment, wasting a nation's limited resources. Patients who independently finance needless treatments that create no further medical costs manifest a less problematic form of overspending, but their treatment nevertheless potentially represents economic dead weight and the diversion of limited resources that could be applied toward necessary ends. Overspending public funds is even more problematic, since public sector spending is systematic and controllable through policy. Most serious is over-medication that harms the patient or others. A leading example of such an erroneous practice is the excessive administration of antibiotics, which, in fostering antimicrobial resistance, may pose as much risk or even greater risk than under-administration of vaccines. Decreasing wasteful medical expenditures is important in the effort to the World Bank's suggested primary goal, which is to maintain a cost-effective pharmaceutical system that maximally, and equitably, improves population health.      Furthermore, the World Bank recommended, as a counterpart to these measures, efforts to improve the population's understanding of pharmaceutical uses and choices. This long-term goal is equally important and equally difficult to achieve in wealthier nations. Better public understanding helps decrease the tension between less-informed wants and well-determined needs. Culturally ingrained maxims, such as a preference for injections, do not change overnight. Furthermore, relying on brand identification can be a rational strategy for information-limited consumers worldwide. Nevertheless, moving citizens to a more informed and empowered position is an ethical obligation, as well as a strategy to reduce costs and minimize risks.  

When Medgar Evers applied to the then-segregated University of Mississippi Law School in February 1954, he did so at a crucial moment in American history. Three months later, in May, the Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education struck down state-sponsored segregation, stating that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." The school’s refusal to admit Evers drew the interest of the NAACP and ultimately became the epicenter of its historic campaign to desegregate the school.

The Brown v. Board of Education ruling paved the way for integration and was a major victory for the civil rights movement, but the South was not ready to accept the change. The state governments of Texas, Arkansas, Florida and Alabama actively fought the decision, with some politicians physically blocking African American students’ entry into high schools and universities, moving aside only when confronted with military officers sent by the federal government to enforce the law. The entrenched racism of the South came into conflict with the rest of the country, creating a sense for African Americans that they would have to fight for the rights that had, legally, already been granted to them.

Evers was an active public figure, conducting well-publicized investigations into race-based injustices being perpetrated in the South, such as the unprosecuted murder of fourteen-year-old Emmett Till. This limelight brought numerous death threats and attempts on his life. On June 12, 1963, just hours after President John F. Kennedy's historic Civil Rights Address, Evers was shot in the back outside his home by a white supremacist. While his death was undoubtedly a tragic loss, some scholars have suggested that it galvanized the African American community, giving many members renewed motivation to carry on Evers’s crusade. His murder was a rallying cry for those who supported civil rights in the U.S., and his legacy continues to lend strength to the ongoing campaign for racial equality.

The diagram above shows the path of a projectile fired from raised platform A at a target at point C, which lies 100 feet from the base of the platform. The projectile fell short, impacting at point B. If AB = 90 feet, by what distance, in feet, did the projectile fall short of its target?

     Physical theory implies that the existence of astronomical entities above a certain mass is evidence for the existence of black holes. The Earth does not itself collapse upon itself under gravitational force because gravity is countered by the outward pressure generated by the electromagnetic repulsion between the atoms making up the planet. But if these forces are overpowered, gravity will always lead to the formation of a black hole. Assuming the validity of general relativity, we can calculate the upper bound for a star, the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit, to be 3.6 solar masses; any object heavier than this will be unable to resist collapse under its own mass and must be a black hole.     The search for entities more massive than the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit brings us to the examination of X-ray binary systems. In an X-ray binary, two bodies rotate around their center of mass, a point between them, while one component, usually a normal star, sheds matter to the other more massive component known as the accretor. The shedding matter is released as observable X-ray radiation. Since binary stars rotate around a common center of gravity, the mass of the accetor can be calculated from the orbit of the visible one. By 2004, about forty X-ray binaries that contained candidates for black holes had been discovered. The accretors in these binary systems did not appear visible, as is to be expected of black holes, but that fact alone does not distinguish them from very dense and hence less luminescent stars, such as neutron stars. More to the point is that these accretors were of mass far in excess of 3.6 solar masses. Famously, Cygnus X-1, an X-ray binary in the constellation Cygnus, has an accretor whose mass has been calculated to be 14 solar masses, plus or minus 4 solar masses. While it does not rule out other phenomena without further interpretation, it provides strong proof that black holes exist.     The conclusion that black holes exist depends on the reliability of the general-relativistic calculations involved. If more generous assumptions are made, the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit can be calculated to be as high as 10 solar masses. The finding also establishes plausibility, if not direct evidence, for the existence of supermassive black holes hypothesized to exist at the center of some galaxies.  

Antitrust laws — statutes that supposedly keep any one firm or group of firms from dominating the marketplace — are thought by some to be the bulwark of free enterprise. These laws are founded on the idea that without the continued vig

. Collectively, such laws not only have a negative effect on economic efficiency, but also negatively affect the appropriate distribution of wealth and income in society and the allocation of political and consumer power and rights.

Often, antitrust laws are fluid, non-objective and retroactive. Because of murky statutes and conflicting case law, companies can never be sure what constitutes permissible behavior. Normal business practices — price discounts, product improvements and exclusive contracting — can somehow morph into an antitrust violation when examined by government antitrust regulators. Companies can be accused of monopolistic price gouging for charging more than their competitors, or accused of predatory pricing for charging less, or accused of collusion for charging the same.

In one of the most brazen examples of misuse of antitrust laws for competitive and strategic benefit, Digital Equipment Corp. filed a lawsuit against Intel in 1990, when the firm`s attempt to persuade Intel to incorporate Digital Equipment`s technology as part of its next-generation chip design ended in failure. Alpha, then Digital`s flagship product, was at the time the fastest chip in the industry. In spite of Alpha`s relative superiority, more computers, including computers manufactured by Digital itself, employed Intel`s lower-powered Pentium chip than Digital`s counterpart. In 1997, Digital threatened Intel with antitrust action in a bold attempt to reposition itself in the computer industry. Robert B. Palmer, Digital`s chief executive, denied analysts` suggestions that the lawsuit was in fact a veiled strategic effort to prevent Intel from developing competing technology in the microprocessor market.

     Physical theory implies that the existence of astronomical entities above a certain mass is evidence for the existence of black holes. The Earth does not itself collapse upon itself under gravitational force because gravity is countered by the outward pressure generated by the electromagnetic repulsion between the atoms making up the planet. But if these forces are overpowered, gravity will always lead to the formation of a black hole. Assuming the validity of general relativity, we can calculate the upper bound for a star, the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit, to be 3.6 solar masses; any object heavier than this will be unable to resist collapse under its own mass and must be a black hole.     The search for entities more massive than the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit brings us to the examination of X-ray binary systems. In an X-ray binary, two bodies rotate around their center of mass, a point between them, while one component, usually a normal star, sheds matter to the other more massive component known as the accretor. The shedding matter is released as observable X-ray radiation. Since binary stars rotate around a common center of gravity, the mass of the accetor can be calculated from the orbit of the visible one. By 2004, about forty X-ray binaries that contained candidates for black holes had been discovered. The accretors in these binary systems did not appear visible, as is to be expected of black holes, but that fact alone does not distinguish them from very dense and hence less luminescent stars, such as neutron stars. More to the point is that these accretors were of mass far in excess of 3.6 solar masses. Famously, Cygnus X-1, an X-ray binary in the constellation Cygnus, has an accretor whose mass has been calculated to be 14 solar masses, plus or minus 4 solar masses. While it does not rule out other phenomena without further interpretation, it provides strong proof that black holes exist.     The conclusion that black holes exist depends on the reliability of the general-relativistic calculations involved. If more generous assumptions are made, the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit can be calculated to be as high as 10 solar masses. The finding also establishes plausibility, if not direct evidence, for the existence of supermassive black holes hypothesized to exist at the center of some galaxies.  

     In Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971), the Supreme Court ruled that the state of Pennsylvania could not subsidize religious private schools through its Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Although the funds allocated in the Act were limited to the purpose of reimbursing the schools for textbooks, instructional materials, and the salaries of teachers who did not teach religion, the Court held that since the Act had the result of benefiting primarily Roman Catholic schools, it overextended the government's power on behalf of a religious organization. Later cases have referred to the benchmark three-part test established by Lemon, which states that a U.S. law violates the Establishment Clause of the Constitution if (1) the purpose of the law is not a secular purpose, (2) the law's primary effect is to inhibit or further the practice of religion, or (3) the law creates “excessive entanglement” between government and religious authority.

     Other states have also faced questions concerning whether or not a government policy or activity violates the Constitution's prohibition on the establishment of religion. For example, in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, the inclusion of a religious symbol among secular holiday decorations in a display sponsored and maintained by the city, at minimal expense, was declared constitutionally permissible. Although the religious symbol was erected on government property, it was both a longstanding tradition in the town and appeared among other, purely secular, symbols of the holiday season; it had gone unchallenged in the courts for more than 40 years. This, however, did not prevent application of the “Lemon test.” Indeed, as the Supreme Court has interpreted it, the question of establishment of religion is often a matter of perception and context as much as it is of clear divisions. This flexible approach is illustrated by Lynch v. Donnelly (1984), in which the Court demonstrated that differing circumstances could indeed lead to different results of application of the “Lemon test.” Therefore, the Court ruled that, in Pawtucket's context, the appearance of a religious symbol amid various secular ones in a government-sponsored display did not violate the Constitution.