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In corporate purchasing, competitive scrutiny is typically limited to suppliers of items that are directly related to end products. With "indirect" purchases (such as computers, advertising, and legal services), which are not directly related to production, corporations often favor "supplier partnerships" (arrangements in which the purchaser forgoes the right to pursue alternative suppliers), which can inappropriately shelter suppliers from rigorous competitive scrutiny that might afford the purchaser economic leverage. There are two independent variables—availability of alternatives and ease of changing suppliers—that companies should use to evaluate the feasibility of subjecting suppliers of indirect purchases to competitive scrutiny. This can create four possible situations.In Type 1 situations, there are many alternatives and change is relatively easy. Open pursuit of alternatives—by frequent competitive bidding, if possible—will likely yield the best results. In Type 2 situations, where there are many alternatives but change is difficult—as for providers of employee health-care benefits—it is important to continuously test the market and use the results to secure concessions from existing suppliers. Alternatives provide a credible threat to suppliers, even if the ability to switch is constrained. In Type 3 situations, there are few alternatives, but the ability to switch without difficulty creates a threat that companies can use to negotiate concessions from existing suppliers. In Type 4 situations, where there are few alternatives and change is difficult, partnerships may be unavoidable.
In corporate purchasing, competitive scrutiny is typically limited to suppliers of items that are directly related to end products. With "indirect" purchases (such as computers, advertising, and legal services), which are not directly related to production, corporations often favor "supplier partnerships"(arrangements in which the purchaser forgoes the right to pursue alternative suppliers), which can inappropriately shelter suppliers from rigorous competitive scrutiny that might afford the purchaser economic leverage. There are two independent variables availability of alternatives and ease of changing suppliers-that companies should use to evaluate the feasibility of subjecting suppliers of indirect purchases to competitive scrutiny. This can create four possible situations. In Type 1 situations, there are many alternatives and change is relatively easy. Open pursuit of alternatives-by frequent competitive bidding, if possible-will likely yield the best results. In Type 2 situations, where there are many alternatives but change is difficult-as for providers of employee health-care benefits-it is Important to continuously test the market and use the results to secure concessions from existing suppliers. Alternatives provide a credible threat to suppliers, even if the ability to switch is constrained. In Type 3 situations, there are few alternatives, but the ability to switch without difficulty creates a threat that companies can use to negotiate concessions from existing suppliers. In Type 4 situations, where there are few alternatives and change is difficult, partnerships may be unavoidable.
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Whereas in genetic mutation by insertion extra base pairs are inserted into the DNA, in mutation by substitution one base in the sequence is replaced with another.
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In the figure above, if the area of square region B is 4, what is the area of triangular region D?

  1. The area of square region C is 9.
  2. The area of square region A is 13.
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The top five rubber-producing countries are fairly geographically concentrated and center around Malaysia, which can produce up to 1 million metric tons of rubber annually and is famous for the forests of Borneo.
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Personal fitness, despite facing an ongoing innovation challenge, ranks as one of the most profitable industries in a recent study, surpassed only by internet and network services.
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According to one biographer, Steve Jobs's passion for the details of music, philosophy, and other fields in the humanities were critical to his success, influencing his sense of design as much as his technological savvy did.
Ready4 In a recent study published in Nature Neuroscience, a team of scientists, concluding that, since participants who took caffeine tablets in a memory test outperformed participants who took placebo tablets in that test, caffeine enhances short-term memory.
Ready4 Although a cause for concern among farmers, inflammation in pregnant female dairy cattle, which occurs commonly just after birth—many disorders, including metabolic diseases such as ketosis and fatty liver, are known to occur at this time—it is believed to play a beneficial role in the complex process of going from late pregnancy to lactation. 
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The bone structure of bird-hipped dinosaurs, having pubic bones which point downward and toward the tail, help explain why paleontologists believe that they evolved independently of other dinosaurs.
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Eugene Fama's theory of there being "efficient" financial markets, meaning that an investor, given widely available information, cannot consistently achieve returns in excess of average market returns, is still respected.
Ready4 Only 10 percent of Indians surveyed in 1996 had access to a telephone; of those surveyed in 2012, over 50 percent had access to a mobile phone.
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Looking at search engine trends, evidence has been gathered by reporters indicating that, despite recent actions making the practice illegal, American interest in unlocking cell phones is much higher than they had previously thought.
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Price Range (in dollars) Number of Items
less than 5 4
5-14 27
15-24 39
25-34 13
35-44 47
45-54 28
55 and higher 9

The table above gives information about the current price ranges, in dollars, of 167 items in store . If represents the median price, in dollars, of all the items in store , which of the following must be true?
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The brightness on Earth of such celestial bodies like stars invariably depends both on the radius of the luminescent object and its temperature.
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The shaded portion of the rectangle shown above represents a section that will be cut from a piece of paper. If the area to be cut is square inches and , then equals
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In the figure above, find the value of c - b.
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Because there are terms of the International Maritime Organization that stipulate that every vessel that gets an identification number also be outfitted with an automatic onboard tracking system, they have partly deterred illegal fishing.
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Toward the end of that year, the food and beverage entrepreneur was looking for a partner - someone not only who could provide expertise in developing talent pipelines, but sharing his passion as well to launch a new product on the market.
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Many people believe that such activities as owning a pet, taking care of another's pet, or babysitting an infant not only confer the capacity of friendship on a child but also develop role-taking skills, since that child must put him- or herself in the pet or infant's situation and imagine how that pet or infant feels.