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Schools expect textbooks to be a valuable source of information for students. My research suggests, however, that textbooks that address the place of Native Americans within the history of the United States distort history to suit a particular cultural value system. In some textbooks, for example, settlers are pictured as more humane, complex, skillful, and wise than Native American. In essence, textbooks stereotype and deprecate the numerous Native American cultures while reinforcing the attitude that the European conquest of the New World denotes the superiority of European cultures. Although textbooks evaluate Native American architecture, political systems, and homemaking, I contend that they do it from an ethnocentric, European perspective without recognizing that other perspectives are possible.One argument against my contention asserts that, by nature, textbooks are culturally biased and that I am simply underestimating children's ability to see through these biases. Some [hl:5]researchers[/hl:5] even claim that by the time students are in high school, they know they cannot take textbooks literally. Yet substantial evidence exists to the contrary. [hl:3]Two researchers, for example, have conducted studies that suggest that children's attitudes about particular culture are strongly influenced by the textbooks used in schools.[/hl:3] Given this, an ongoing, careful review of how school textbooks depict Native American is certainly warranted.
In 1675, Louis XIV established the Parisian seamstresses' guild, the first independent all- female guild created in over 200 years. Guild members could make and sell women's and children's clothing, but were prohibited from producing men's clothing or dresses for court women. Tailors resented the ascension of seamstresses to guild status; seamstresses, meanwhile, were impatient with the remaining restrictions on their right to clothe women.The conflict between the guilds was not purely economic, however. A 1675 police report indicated that since so many seamstresses were already working illegally, the tailors were unlikely to suffer additional economic damage because of the seamstresses' incorporation. Moreover, guild membership held very different meanings for tailors and seamstresses. To the tailors, their status as guild members overlapped with their role as heads of household, and entitled them to employ as seamstresses female family members who did not marry outside the trade. The seamstresses, however, viewed guild membership as [hl:4] [hl:3] [hl:2] [hl:1]a mark of independence the patriarchal family.[/hl:1][/hl:2][/hl:3][/hl:4] Their guild was composed not of family units but of individual women who enjoyed unusual legal and economic privileges. At the conflict's center was the issue of whether tailors' female relatives should be identified as family members protected by the tailors' guild or as individuals under the jurisdiction of the seamstresses' guild.
Seventeenth-century philosopher John Locke stated that as much as 99 percent of the value of any useful product can be attributed to “the effects of labor.” For Locke's intellectual heirs it was only a short step to the “labor theory of value,” whose formulators held that 100 percent of the value of any product is generated by labor (the human work needed to produce goods) and that therefore the employer who appropriates any part of the product's value as profit is practicing theft.Although human effort is required to produce goods for the consumer market, effort is also invested in making capital goods (tools, machines, etc.), which are used to facilitate the production of consumer goods. In modern economies about one-third of the total output of consumer goods is attributable to the use of capital goods. Approximately two-thirds of the income derived from this total output is paid out to workers as wages and salaries, the remaining third serving as compensation to the owners of the capital goods. Moreover, part of this remaining third is received by workers who are shareholders, pension beneficiaries, and the like. [hl:3] [hl:2][hl:1]The labor theory of value systematically disregards the productive contribution of capital goods[/hl:1][/hl:2][/hl:3]—a failing for which Locke must bear part of the blame.
Quantum theory, although of tremendous scientific value, has nevertheless prompted debate among physicists. The debate arose because quantum theory addresses the peculiar properties of minute objects such as photons and electrons. While one type of experiment shows that these objects behave like particles, with well-defined trajectories through space, another demonstrates that, on the contrary, they behave waves, their peaks and troughs producing characteristic “interference" effects. However, scientists have failed to devise an experiment to demonstrate both behaviors simultaneously.In the 1920s, two alternate interpretations of quantum theory attempted to resolve this apparently contradictory wave-particle duality. Physicist Niels Bohr argued that wave-particle properties are not contradictory, but complementary. Contrary to our intuition that an object continues to exist in some determined form even though we cannot perceive it, he concluded that the physical of a quantum object is actually undetermined before the object is observed via experiment.Physicist Werner Heisenberg's “uncertainty principle," by contrast, postulated that we cannot precisely determine two complementary properties, such as position and momentum, of a quantum object simultaneously: if we measure an object's position with absolute certainty, then there is an infinite uncertainty in its momentum, and vice versa. He concluded that although we are limited in our ability to measure objects at the atomic and subatomic levels, their position and momentum are nonetheless defined all along.
The argument for “monetizing”—or putting a monetary value on—ecosystem functions may be stated thus: Concern about the depletion of natural resources is widespread, but this concern, in the absence of an economic argument for conservation, has not translated into signifi cant conservational progress. Some critics blame this impasse on environmentalists, whom they believe fail to address the economic issues of environmental degradation. Conservation can appear unprofi table when compared with the economic returns derived from converting natural assets (pristine coastlines, for example) into explicitly commercial ones (such as resort hotels). But according to David Pearce, that illusion stems from the fact that “services” provided by ecological systems are not traded on the commodities market, and thus have no readily quantifi able value. To remedy this, says Pearce, one has to show that all ecosystems have economic value—indeed, that all ecological services are economic services. Tourists visiting wildlife preserves, for example, create jobs and generate income for national economies; undisturbed forests and wetlands regulate water runoff and act as water-purifying systems, saving millions of dollars worth of damage to property and to marine ecosystems. In Gretchen Daily's view, monetization, while unpopular with many environmentalists, refl ects the dominant role that economic considerations play in human behavior, and the expression of economic value in a common currency helps inform environmental decision-making processes.
GWD Background information: This year, each film submitted to the Barbizon Film Festival was submitted in one of ten categories. For each category, there was a panel that decided which submitted films to accept.Fact 1: Within each category, the rate of acceptance for domestic films was the same as that for foreign films. Fact 2: The overall rate of acceptance of domestic films was significantly higher than that of foreign films.In light of the background information, which of the following, if true, can account for fact 1 and fact 2 both being true of the submissions to this year's Barbizon Film Festival?
GMAT、gmat题库、gmat模考、gmat考满分 During an internal study at General Depot, income and education were recorded for 19 employees - divided among male and female. The chart shows income, in dollars ($), education, in number of years, for each of the employees. Based on the given information, use the drop-down menus to most accurately complete the following statements. A) The correlation between income and education for employees in the study is . B) If an employee with 16 years of education or less were selected at random, the probability that the employee would be female is .
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When the figure above is cut along the solid lines, folded along the dashed lines, and taped along the solid lines, the result is a model of a geometric solid. This geometric solid consists of pyramids, each with a square base that they share. What is the sum of the number of vertices and the number of faces of this geometric solid?
GWD The population of desert tortoises in Targland's Red Desert has declined, partly because they are captured for sale as pets and partly because people riding all-terrain vehicles have damaged their habitat. Targland plans to halt this population decline by blocking the current access routes into the desert and announcing new regulations to allow access only on foot. Targland's officials predict that these measures will be adequate, since it is difficult to collect the tortoises without a vehicle.Which of the following would it be most important to establish in order to evaluate the officials' prediction?
OG12 OG15 OG16 OG17 A total of $60,000 was invested for one year. Part of this amount earned simple annual interest at the rate of x percent per year, and the rest earned simple annual interest at the rate of y percent per year. If the total interest earned by the $60,000 for that year was $4,080, what is the value of x?(1)$${x}=\frac {3y} {4}$$(2)The ratio of the amount that earned interest at the rate of x percent per year to the amount that earned interest at the rate of y percent per year was 3 to 2.
PREP08 Test 2 Given that employees of the XYZ Company could, in theory, do their work at home, the company developed a radical plan to increase efficiency: eliminate office-space expenditures by having employees work at home. To evaluate this plan, XYZ's managers asked volunteers from the company's staff to try the arrangement for six months. There were several volunteers; significantly, their productivity during this period was as high as or higher than before.Which of the following, if true, would argue most strongly against deciding, on the basis of the trial results, to implement the company's plan?
Manhattan Company Spokesperson: This year, more than 70% of the guests who stayed with us over the past summer are planning to return to our resorts for a summer vacation. Therefore, I believe that we are well-positioned for another strong and profitable quarter.Industry Analyst: This is not necessarily true. Nearly three quarters of the company's profits come from the attendance of its theme parks located at its major resorts, and it is not certain how this segment will perform this summer.Which of the following statements, if true, would support the criticism of the Industry Analyst?
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If lines and are parallel to each other, is the slope of line negative?

(1) line has a -intercept of

(2) line passes through the point

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It is generally believed that people need to engage in regular and strenuous physical exercise in order to maintain their physical health. Actually, however, low-impact walking—that is, walking at a normal pace, which elevates the heart rate and releases many of the hormones released in more strenuous exercise—is enough. This is evidenced by the strong correlation between the amount of time spent walking and measures of general physical health demonstrated by many studies.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the force of the evidence cited?
OG19-语文分册 OG20-语文分册 Many office buildings designed to prevent outside air from entering have been shown to have elevated levels of various toxic substances circulating through the air inside, a phenomenon known as sick building syndrome. Yet the air in other office buildings does not have elevated levels of these substances, even though those buildings are the same age as the "sick" buildings and have similar designs and ventilation systems. Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why not all office buildings designed to preven't outside air from entering have air that contains elevated levels of toxic substances?
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The terms in the series have the following relation with each other: where is a constant. What is the 5th term of the series if the 4th term is and the 7th term is ?
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Of the students in a certain class, each student is either left-handed or right-handed and each student either has brown eyes or blue eyes. Of these students, are right-handed; and of those who are right-handed, have brown eyes. How many of the students are right-handed and have blue eyes?

(1) 8 students have blue eyes.

(2) 24 students are in the class.
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The country of Olmantia has generally relied on growing soybeans as an export. Recently, the ministry of agriculture has implemented a system to reduce dependence on this single crop by encouraging farmers to grow other legumes. Olmantia currently grows more non-soy legumes each year than it consumes, and exports of soybeans are in decline, due to competition from suppliers in other nations. If these trends continue, Olmantia's ability to export other legumes is likely to grow in the near future.

Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in evaluating the argument?
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The annual rent collected by acorporation from a certain building was x percent more in 1998 than in 1997 and y percent less in 1999 than in 1998. Was the annual rent collected by the corporation from the building more in 1999 than in 1997?

(1) x>y

(2) \frac{xy}{100}<x-y
OG2022 【OG-615】 Executives at the Fizzles Beverage Company plan to boost profits in Country X on their range of fruit-flavored drinks by introducing new flavors based on tropical fruits that are little known there. The executives reason that since the fruit drinks of other companies have none of these flavors, Fizzles will not have to compete for customers and thus will be able to sell the drinks at a higher price. Which of the following, if true, presents the most serious potential weakness of the plan? 请选择该题题型：