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300难题 The “widely held predictions” mentioned in line 25 are predictions about the
OG2022 In Colorado subalpine meadows, nonnative dandelions co-occur with a native flower, the larkspur. Bumblebees visit both species, creating the potential for interactions between the two species with respect to pollination. In a recent study, researchers selected 16 plots containing both species; all dandelions were removed from eight plots; the remaining eight control plots were left undisturbed. The control plots yielded significantly more larkspur seeds than the dandelion-free plots, leading the researchers to conclude that the presence of dandelions facilitates pollination (and hence seed production) in the native species by attracting more pollinators to the mixed plots. Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the researchers' reasoning?
Ready4

The Nowka apparel company's design for its new luxury jacket, the Fleecer, included a special design for a synthetic fabric layer that was intended to complement the model's image. The winning bid for supplying this synthetic fabric was submitted by Rainflex. Analysts concluded that the bid would only just cover Rainflex's costs on the fabric, but Rainflex executives claim that winning the bid will actually make a profit for the company.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly justifies the claim made by Rainflex's executives?
GWD Vorland's government is planning a nationwide ban on smoking in restaurants. The objection that the ban would reduce restaurants' revenues is ill founded. Several towns in Vorland enacted restaurant smoking restrictions five years ago. Since then, the amount the government collects in restaurant meal taxes in those towns has increased 34 percent, on average, but only 26 percent elsewhere in Vorland. The amount collected in restaurant meal taxes closely reflects restaurants' revenues.Which of the following, if true, most undermines the defense of the government's plan?
PREP08 Test 2 In a certain wildlife park, park rangers are able to track the movements of many rhinoceroses because those animals wear radio collars. When, as often happens, a collar slips off, it is put back on. Putting a collar on a rhinoceros involves immobilizing the animal by shooting it with a tranquilizer dart. Female rhinoceroses that have been frequently recollared have significantly lower fertility rates than uncollared females. Probably, therefore, some substance in the tranquilizer inhibits fertility.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
GWD Macrophages are cells that play a role in the response of the immune system of mice and other mammals to invasive organisms such as bacteria. Unlike other mice, mice that are genetically incapable of making these particular cells do not show elevated levels of nitrates when infected with bacteria.The statements above, if true, provide the most support for which of the following conclusions?
PREP07 Test 1 The list of animals that exhibits a preference of either using the right or the left hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot) has been expanded to include the lower vertebrates.
PREP08 Test 1 In Borania many people who want to quit smoking wear nicotine skin patches, which deliver small doses of nicotine through the skin. Beginning next month, these patches can be purchased without a doctor's prescription. Although nonprescription patches will be no more effective than those obtained by prescription and will be equally expensive, patch manufacturers are nevertheless predicting that the patches' new nonprescription status will boost sales, which have slowed considerably in recent years.Which of the following, if true in Borania, most strongly supports the manufacturers' prediction?
The recently announced dissolution of the Freedom Party, a major national political party, will not benefit the one other major national political party, the Liberty Party. It will, however, help third parties, including the Workers Party, who will now take more votes away from the Liberty Party in the upcoming national presidential race than would have been taken by the Freedom Party, had it not been dissolved.Which of the following, if true, would cast the most serious doubt on the claim made in the last sentence above?
Since all swans that I have encountered have been white, it follows that the swansI will see when I visit the Bronx Zoo will also be white.Which of the following most closely parallels the reasoning of the preceding argument?
Manhattan On average, the number of speeding tickets issued in County X every year is three times greater than the number of speeding tickets issued in County Y during the same period. Therefore, the number of people who exceed the speed limit must be higher in County X than in County Y.Which of the following describes a flaw in the reasoning above?
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Moon Incorporated produces and distributes the same hubcaps as Sun Incorporated. Steel procurement amounts to about 50 percent of the costs required to produce these hubcaps at both Moon Incorporated and Sun Incorporated. Moon Incorporated is looking to increase its market share at the expense of Sun Incorporated. Thus, pursuant to this end, Moon Incorporated should procure less expensive steel.

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?
Ready4

A likely challenger to Mayor Stephenson in next year’s election has recently stated that the city’s budget is in shambles, citing as evidence the city’s overspending on transportation this year. Portraying the current state of things as intolerable is always in the interest of a challenger to an incumbent, but it is particularly unwarranted in this case. It is true that overspending is generally undesirable, but in this case it was both unavoidable and ultimately advantageous. Failure by past mayors to attend to transportation-infrastructure maintenance forced this administration to make emergency repairs that will lower maintenance and repair costs for the city’s transportation budgets for years to come.

In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
Magoosh Because state sanctions against hunting have been eased, Deersdale Preserve has experienced an influx of hunters in the last several months. During this time, the silvertail fox, a popular target for hunters, has seen a marked decrease in population. Therefore, to prevent the population of silvertail fox—an important apex predator responsible for keeping the Deersdale County's rabbit population in check—from falling even lower, the state should once again place strict sanctions against hunting.Which of the following, if true, most strongly suggests that stricter sanctions against hunting would not have the desired effect?
Magoosh Last week, an investigative journalist published an exposé in the newspaper, demonstrating that many of the shoes sold in a certain department store in California were made overseas in sweatshops that are alleged to use child labor. This week, the department store experienced a drop in shoe sales, after twelve weeks of robust sales of shoes. The management team of the department store maintains that the unfavorable article in the newspaper last week had nothing to do with their drop in shoe sales this week. Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the management team's position?
Company Alpha buys free-travel coupons from people who are awarded the coupons by Bravo Airlines for flying frequently on Bravo airplanes.The coupons are sold to people who pay less for the coupons than they would pay by purchasing tickets from Bravo.This marketing of coupons results In lost revenue for Bravo.To discourage the buying and selling of free' travel coupons, it would be best for Bravo Airlines to restrict the
GWD Possible long-term consequences of the "greenhouse effect," the gradual warming of the Earth's climate, may include melting the polar ice caps and a rising sea level.
According to the passage, the purpose of the requirement suggested in highlight text would be which of the following?
GWD PREP2012 The author of the passage refers to the "considerable overlap" (line 23) between continental drift theory and plate tectonics theory most probably in order to
Which of the following most accurately states the purpose of the passage?