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	In Forces of Production, David Noble examines the transformation of the machine-tool industry as the industry moved from reliance on skilled artisans to automation. Noble writes from a Marxist perspective, and his central argument is that management, in its decisions to automate, conspired against labor: the power that the skilled machinists wielded in the industry was intolerable to management. Noble fails to substantiate this claim, although his argument is impressive when he applies the Marxist concept of "de-skilling" —— the use of technology to replace skilled labor —— to the automation of the machine-tool industry. In automating, the industry moved to computer-based, digitalized "numerical control" (N/C) technology, rather than to artisan generated "record-playback" (R/P) technology.Although both systems reduced reliance on skilled labor, Noble clearly prefers R/P, with its inherent acknowledgment of workers` skills: unlike N/C, its programs were produced not by engineers at their computers, but by skilled machinists, who recorded their own movements to "teach" machines to duplicate those movements. However, Noble's only evidence of conspiracy is that, although the two approaches were roughly equal in technical merit, management chose N/C. From this he concludes that automation is undertaken not because efficiency demands it or scientific advances allow it. but because it is a tool in the ceaseless war of capitalists against labor.
Ready4	In the figure shown, angles $<font color='#FE8080'>n</font>$ , $q$ , and $<font color='#FE8080'>r</font>$ make up three of the interior angles of quadrilateral $ABCD$ . Is $<font color='#FE8080'>n</font>=<font color='#FE8080'>r</font>$ ? (1) Lines $h$ and $k$ are parallel. (2) $p+q=180$
Ready4	The table above shows the results of a survey of 100 customers of a particular company, each of whom gave a "Positive," "Negative" or "Neutral" rating of the company's product and its customer service. What was the number of customers who rated both the company's product and its service negatively? Forty customers did not give any "Negative" ratings at all, whether for product or service Thirty customers rated both product and service "Positive"
Ready4	Each of the letters in the table above represents one of the numbers 3, 5, or 11, and each of these numbers occurs no more than once within any row or column, with the exception of 5, which may occur up to two times. What is the value of $d_{2}$ ? $a_{1} c_{2} = 121$ $c_{1} d_{1} a_{2} e = 375$
Ready4	If arc $XYZ$ above is a semicircle, what is the length of diameter $\overline{XZ}$ ? (1) $m=9$ (2) $<font color='#FE8080'>n</font>=1$
Ready4	According to the chart above, which of the following is closest to the median total attendees per month at this Waterpark from March through November, inclusive?
Ready4	A cylindrical tube has a band painted around its circumference, as shown above. What is the surface area of the painted band? (1) The height of the tube is $20$ centimeters. (2) The circumference of the tube is $16\pi$ centimeters.
Ready4	In the $xy$ -plane shown, the shaded region consists of all points that lie above the graph of $y=x^2-10x$ and below the $x$ -axis. Does the point $(<font color='#FE8080'>n</font>,p)$ (not shown) lie in the shaded region if $p < 0$ ? (1) $0 < <font color='#FE8080'>n</font> < 10$ (2) $<font color='#FE8080'>n</font>^2-10n < p$
Ready4	Is the triangle above a right triangle? (1) In an $xy$ -plane, $L$ and $<font color='#FE8080'>N</font>$ have the same $y$ -coordinates. (2) In an $xy$ -plane, $M$ has coordinates $(-1,6)$ .
Ready4	The circle graph above represents the total amount of tax money that Town $K$ received in 2016. Town $K$ then allocated its tax money to six different departments: $<font color='#FE8080'>R</font>$ , $S$ , $T$ , $U$ , $V$ , and $W$ . If the center of the circle graph is $O$ and residents paid a total of $8,600,000 in taxes to Town $K$ in 2016, how much of that money did department $S$ receive? (1) Department $U$ received $3,010,000, 5% more than double the percentage of Town $K$ 's tax money that Department $S$ received. (2) $v=32$
Ready4	In the triangle above, does $a^2+b^2=c^2$ ? (1) $x-y=0$ (2) $x+y=90$
Ready4	Is the triangle above a right triangle? (1) In an $xy$ -plane, $<font color='#FE8080'>R</font>$ has coordinates $(1,5)$ and $S$ has coordinates $(7,5)$ . (2) In an $xy$ -plane, $S$ has coordinates $(7,5)$ and $T$ has coordinates $(7,1)$
Ready4	Is the triangle above a right triangle? (1) In an $xy$ -plane, $<font color='#FE8080'>R</font>$ and $S$ have the same $y$ -coordinates. (2) In an $xy$ -plane, $S$ and $T$ do not have the same $x$ -coordinates.
Ready4	The inside of a rectangular carton is $45$ centimeters long, $30$ centimeters wide, and $10$ centimeters high. The carton is filled to capacity with $m$ identical cylindrical cans of vegetables that stand upright in rows and columns, as indicated in the figure above. If the cans are $10$ centimeters high, what is the value of $m$ ? (1) Each of the cans has a volume of $62.5\pi$ cubic centimeters. (2) The area of the base of the rectangular carton is $1{,}350$ square centimeters.
Ready4	The dots on the graph above indicate the semester test averages and final exam grades for 40 students in Ms. Joshi's geometry class. How many students had a test average above a 90 and also scored above an 80 on the final exam?
Ready4	The inside of a rectangular carton is $36$ inches long, $30$ inches wide, and $6$ inches high. The carton is filled to capacity with $x$ identical cylindrical cans of soda that stand upright in rows and columns, as indicated in the figure above. If the cans are $6$ inches high, what is the value of $x$ ? (1) Each of the cans has a radius of $3$ inches. (2) Six of the cans fit exactly along the length of the carton.
Ready4	The inside of a rectangular carton is $44$ centimeters long, $28$ centimeters wide, and $5$ centimeters high. The carton is filled to capacity with $y$ identical cylindrical cans of tomato paste that stand upright in rows and columns, as indicated in the figure above. If the cans are $5$ centimeters high, what is the value of $y$ ? (1) Each of the cans has a radius of $2$ centimeters. (2) Seven of the cans fit exactly along the width of the carton.
Ready4	The dots on the graph above indicate sale prices (in thousands of dollars) and living area (in square feet) of the most recent 25 home sales in a certain town. How many homes that sold for more than $600,000 had living areas that were less than 3,000 square feet?
Ready4
Ready4	In the rectangular coordinate system above, if $\Delta LMN$ and $\Delta NOP$ have equal area, what are the coordinates of point $L$ ? (1) $\overline{LM}=\overline{MN}$ and $\overline{NP}=\overline{OP}$ . (2) The coordinates of point $O$ are $(8,4)$ .