|
GWD
|
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the budget-deficit explanation for the discrepancy mentioned in highlight text?
|
|
GWD
|
The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about productivity improvements in United States service companies?
|
|
|
When the history of women began to receive focused attention in the 1970', Eleanor Roosevelt was one of a handful of female Americans who were well known to both historians and the general public. Despite the evidence that she had been important in social-reform circles before her husband was elected President and that she continued to advocate different causes than he did, she held a place in the public imagination largely because she was the wife of a particularly influential President. Her own activities were seen as preparing the way for her husband's election or as a complement to his programs. Even Joseph Lash's two volumes of sympathetic biography, Eleanor and Franklin (1971) and Eleanor: The Years Alone (1972), reflected this assumption.Lash's biography revealed a complicated woman who sought through political activity both to flee inner misery and to promote causes in which she passionately believed. However, she still appeared to be an idiosyncratic figure, somehow self-generated not amenable to any generalized explanation. She emerged from the biography as a mother to the entire nation, or as a busybody, but hardly as a social type, a figure comprehensible in terms of broader social developments.But more recent work on the feminism of the post-suffrage years (following 1920) allows us to see Roosevelt in a different light and to bring her life into a more richly detailed context. Lois Scharf's Eleanor Roosevelt, written in 1987, depicts a generation of privileged women, born in the late nineteenth century and maturing in the twentieth, who made the transition from old patterns of female association to new ones. Their views and their lives were full of contradictions. They maintained female social networks but began to integrate women into mainstream politics; they demanded equal treatment but also argued that women's maternal responsibilities made them both wards and representatives of the public interest. Thanks to Scharf and others, Roosevelt's activities——for example, her support both for labor laws protecting women and for appointments of women to high public office——have become intelligible in terms of this social context rather than as the idiosyncratic career of a famous man's wife.
|
|
|
Scientists studying the physiology of dinosaurs have long debated whether dinosaurs were warm- or cold-blooded. Those who suspect they were warm-blooded point out that dinosaur bone is generally fibro-lamellar in nature; because fibro-lamellar bone is formed quickly, the bone fibrils, or filaments, are laid down haphazardly. Consistent with their rapid growth rate, warm-blooded animals, such as birds and mammals, tend to produce fibro-lamellar bone, whereas reptiles, which are slow-growing and cold-blooded, generally produce bone in which fibrils are laid down parallel to each other. Moreover, like the bone of birds and mammals, dinosaur bone tends to be highly vascularized, or filled with blood vessels. These characteristics, first recognized in the 1930's, were documented in the 1960's by de Ricqlès, who found highly vascularized, fibro-lamellar bone in several groups of dinosaurs. In the 1970's, Bakker cited these characteristics as evidence for the warm-bloodedness of dinosaurs. Although de Ricqlès urged [hl:1]caution[/hl:1], arguing for an intermediate type of dinosaur physiology, a generation of paleontologists has come to believe that dinosaur bone is mammalianlike. In the 1980's, however, Bakker's contention began to be questioned, as a number of scientists found growth rings in the bones of various dinosaurs that are much like those in modern reptiles. Bone growth in reptiles is periodic in nature, producing a series of concentric rings in the bone, not unlike the growth rings of a tree. Recently, Chinsamy investigated the bones of two dinosaurs from the early Jurassic period (208-187 million years ago), and found that these bones also had growth rings; however, they were also partially fibro-lamellar in nature. Chinsamy's work raises a question central to the debate over dinosaur physiology: did dinosaurs form fibro-lamellar bone because of an innately high metabolic rate associated with warm-bloodedness or because of periods of unusually fast growth that occurred under favorable environmental conditions? (Although modern reptiles generally do not form fibro-lamellar bone, [hl:4]juvenile crocodiles[/hl:4] raised under optimal environmental conditions do.) This question remains unanswered; indeed, taking all the evidence into account, one cannot make a definitive statement about dinosaur physiology on the basis of dinosaur bone. It may be that dinosaurs had an intermediate pattern of bone structure because their physiology was neither typically reptilian, mammalian, nor avian.
|
|
GWD
|
The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that the "caution" (line 29) urged by de Ricqlès regarding claims about dinosaur physiology was
|
|
GWD
|
The primary purpose of the passage is to
|
|
GWD
|
According to the passage, the discovery of growth rings in the bones of certain dinosaurs served to undermine which of the following claims?
|
|
GWD
|
The author of the passage mentions bone growth patterns in juvenile crocodiles most likely in order to
|
|
|
Even more than mountainside slides of mud or snow, naturally occurring forest fires promote the survival of aspen trees. Aspens' need for fire may seem illogical since aspens are particularly vulnerable to fires; whereas [hl:3]
the bark of most trees][/hl:3] consists of dead cells, the aspen's bark is a living, functioning tissue that—along with the rest of the tree—succumbs quickly to fire.The explanation is that each aspen, while appearing to exist separately as a single tree, is in fact only the stem or shoot of a far larger organism. A group of thousands of aspens can actually constitute a single organism, called a clone, that shares an interconnected root system and a unique set of genes. Thus, when one aspen—a single stem—dies, the entire clone is affected. While alive, a stem sends hormones into the root system to suppress formation of further stems. But when the stem dies, its hormone signal also ceases. If a clone loses many stems simultaneously, the resulting hormonal imbalance triggers a huge increase in new, rapidly growing shoots that can outnumber the ones destroyed. An aspen grove needs to experience fire or some other disturbance regularly, or it will fail to regenerate and spread. Instead, coniferous trees will invade the aspen grove's borders and increasingly block out sunlight needed by the aspens.
|
|
|
The primary purpose of the passage is to
|
|
|
According to the passage, one source of dissatisfaction for Parisian seamstresses after the establishment of the seamstresses' guild was that
|
|
|
There is no consensus among researchers regarding what qualifies a substance as a pheromone. While most agree on a basic definition of pheromones as chemicals released by one individual of a species which, when detected by another individual of the same species, elicit a specific behavioral or physiological response, some researchers also specify that the response to pheromones must be unconscious. In addition, the distinction between pheromones and odorants - chemicals that are consciously detected as odors - can be blurry, [hl:3][hl:2][hl:1]and some researchers[/hl:1][/hl:2][/hl:3]classify pheromones as a type of odorant. Evidence that pheromone responses may not involve conscious odor perception comes from the finding that in many species, pheromones are processed by the vomeronasal (or accessory olfactory) system, which uses a special structure in the nose, the vomeronasal organ (VNO), to receive chemical signals. The neural connections between the VNO and the brain are separate from those of the main olfactory system, whose processing of odorants triggers sensations of smell. But while the VNO does process many animal pheromone signals, not all animal pheromones work through the VNO. Conversely, not all chemical signals transmitted via the VNO qualify as pheromones. For example, garter snakes detect a chemical signal from earthworms—one of their favorite foods—via the VNO, and they use this signal to track their prey.
|
|
GWD PREP08 Test 2
|
It can be inferred from the passage that in classifying pheromones as a type of odorant, the researchers referred to in highlight text posit that
|
|
GWD PREP08 Test 2
|
According to the passage, the fact that pheromones are processed by the VNO in many animal species has been taken as evidence of which of the following?
|
|
GWD PREP08 Test 2
|
The primary purpose of the passage is to
|
|
GWD
|
The primary purpose of the passage is to
|
|
|
 The graph models the hypothetical mass, in kilograms, of a Tyrannosaurus rex up to 30 years of age. Points A, B, and C represent the masses for a Tyrannosaurus rex at ages 12,16, and 20, respectively, according to the model.From each drop-down menu, select the option that creates the most accurate statement based on the information provided.For integer values of the age from 12 to 30, the average (arithmetic mean) mass falls approximately between kilograms.The percent change in the mass from age 12 to age 16 is approximately the percent change in the mass from age 16 to age 20.
|
|
OG17 OG18 OG19 OG20 OG2022
|
Three dice, each of which has its 6 sides numbered 1 though 6, are tossed. The sum of the 3 numbers that are facing up is 12. Is at least 1 of these numbers 5?(1) None of the 3 numbers that are facing up is divisible by 3.(2) Of the numbers that are facing up, 2, but not all 3. are equal.
|
|
OG17 OG18 OG19 OG20 OG2022
|
On the number line, point R has coordinate r and point T has coordinate t. Is $$t<0$$?(1) $$-1<{r}<0$$(2) The distance between R and T is equal to $${r}^{2}$$.
|
|
OG17 OG18 OG19 OG20 OG2022
|
If x is a positive integer, then is x prime?(1) 3x + 1 is prime.(2) 5x + 1 is prime.
|