Which of the following most logically completes the argument below?

Traditional treatments that fight cancer through the application of radiation and destructive chemicals pose a significant problem: how to destroy the cancer without losing the patient. For some individuals, enhanced genetic screening methods may reveal predisposition to the disease. Preventative treatment loses effectiveness upon the appearance of cancer cells. Therefore, genetic screenings will be especially effective for patients who _______.

To settle their stomachs, young wild dogs often eat a particular type of grass. This grass has properties that prevent certain types of illness-causing bacteria from proliferating in their intestines. When the dogs have reached maturity, though, they seldom eat grass, and thus a significant amount of the bacteria can be found in their intestines. Strangely enough, in areas where little grass is available for consumption, few young dogs are found to have the illness caused by the bacteria.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the strange finding?

A common criticism of capitalist economies is that they encourage greed, but participants in capitalist systems must often act in their own self-interest. If they did otherwise—say they sold their product at a loss—then sustaining their companies, and the economy in general, would be difficult, if not impossible. Obviously, the greed people ascribe to capitalist economies is indicative of well-functioning economic systems.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines this reasoning?

Hypnerotomachia Poliphili is a romance published in 1499 that, though the author was originally anonymous, has been attributed to Francesco Colonna. Some academics, however, doubt that Colonna is the author because, as a Dominican monk, he would not have the skill or experience to produce such a work. One academic has recently made the assertion that the attribution is correct, citing as evidence Colonna’s proximity to the text’s publisher, Aldus Manutius, and the wealth of other complex Renaissance works of literature confirmed to be written and compiled by talented members of the clergy. In light of this argument, it is clear that it is indeed possible that a member of a monastic order may have produced such a text.

Which of the following, if true, would most support the academic’s recent hypothesis concerning the authorship of Hypnerotomachia Poliphili?

To increase productivity and prevent workers from leaving early, Company Z instituted a strict attendance policy dictating that all employees be present at work from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. unless they are called away by an emergency. Six months after the policy had been implemented, however, internal analysis revealed that overall productivity during work hours had declined.

Which of the following, if true, would best explain why the policy produced the reverse of its intended effect?

Teeth-whitening kits available for retail purchase are demonstrably effective at reducing plaque buildup and returning teeth to their natural shade, but only for periods of about two or three months. They require additional purchases and application. Professional cleaning by dental hygienists, however, can be effective at reducing plaque buildup and improving tooth appearance for six months to a year. Thus, for people looking to improve the appearance of their teeth in the long term, retail teeth-whitening kits should play no part in maintaining dental hygiene.

The argument is most vulnerable to the objection that it fails to

Despite sky-high expectations, the global market for kale has remained stagnant for the last five years. However, although retail prices and the amount of kale produced have likewise varied little during the same period, kale farmers have increased their profits by 15 percent over the last two years.

Any of the following statements, if true about the last two years, helps to explain the rise in profits EXCEPT:

A bookstore in Hadleyville experienced a drop in sales in the week following a controversial political statement by the owner. The bookstore also received many complaints about the owner’s statement. The bookstore, however, says that the negative reactions to the statement had nothing to do with its loss of customers.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the bookstore’s position?

Only a reduction of 15 percent in the number of people who visit the Orangetown Department of Motor Vehicles will allow the wait times there to fall to reasonable levels. A new branch, if opened in Duralia, 20 miles away, would be conveniently located for fully 40 percent of current visitors to the Orangetown DMV. Nevertheless, analysts reject the idea that opening a new DMV branch in Duralia would significantly lower the wait times in Orangetown.

Which of the following, if true, most supports the analysts’ opinion?

It can be inferred from the passage that an airline that negotiates its fuel prices in advance might spend more on fuel than one that does not because the airline that negotiates is

Which of the following best describes the relationship of the statement about airlines that negotiate fuel prices in advance () to the passage as a whole?

It can be inferred from the passage that the airlines most negatively affected by fuel price increases are those for whom which of the following is true?

According to the passage, which of the following was true of the Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education Act?

The “flexible approach” mentioned in of the passage is best defined as one that

The author mentions the fact that the religious symbol in Pawtucket, Rhode Island was erected on government property mainly to do which of the following?

The primary purpose of the passage is to

What is the ten-thousandths digit of the decimal ?

(1) The thousandths digit of is .

(2) The tenths digit of is .

Is equal to the median of the three positive integers , , and ?

(1)

(2)

Is equal to the median of the three positive integers , , and ?

(1)

(2)

A city offers ice skating and skiing as part of its winter sports program. If each of the people in the program participates in at least one of these sports, how many participate in skiing only?

(1)  of the people participate in ice skating.

(2)  of the people participate in skiing.