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300难题
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Errors in the performance of repetitive or "boring" tasks-often attributed to a momentary lapse in concentration-can be serious in such activities as flying a passenger aircraft. Is there any method that would provide warning of such lapses-for example by monitoring brain activity? Researchers scanned the brains of volunteers performing a repetitive task. When the tasks were being performed correctly, the volunteers' brains showed activity in cognitive- processing regions. However, these regions became less active several seconds before some errors were made, and another brain region, region X, became active. The researchers concluded that the monitoring of region X could provide warning of an impending error.
Which of the following, if true, most supports the researchers' conclusion?
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300难题
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Advertisement: Our competitors' computer salespeople are paid according to the value of the products they sell, so they have a financial incentive to convince you to buy the most expensive units-whether you need them or not. But here at Comput-o-Mart, our salespeople are paid a salary that is not dependent on the value of their sales, so they won't try to tell you what to buy. That means when you buy a computer at Comput-o-Mart, you can be sure you're not paying for computing capabilities you don't need.
Which of the following would, if true, most weaken the advertisement's reasoning?
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300难题
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Meteorologists say that if only they could design an accurate mathematical model of the atmosphere with all its complexities, they could forecast the weather with real precision. But this is an idle boast, immune to any evaluation, for any inadequate weather forecast would obviously be blamed on imperfections in the model.
Which of the following, if true, could best be used as a basis for arguing against the author's position that the meteorologists' claim cannot be evaluated?
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300难题
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Some theorists and critics insist that no aesthetic evaluation of a work of art is sound if it is based even in part on data about the cultural background of the artist. This opinion is clearly false. The only sound aesthetic evaluations of artists' works are those that take into account factors such as the era and the place of the artists' births, their upbringing and education, and the values of their societies-in sum, those factors that are part of their cultural background.
The above argument is most vulnerable to which of the following objections?
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300难题
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Since 1978 when the copyright law was changed, books that are less than fifty years old must not be photocopied without the publisher's permission. Thus, any book that has been photocopied since 1978 without the publisher's permission must be at least fifty years old.
The reasoning above exhibits a flaw similar to one in which of the following?
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300难题
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There are fundamentally two possible changes in an economy that will each cause inflation unless other compensating changes also occur. These changes are either reductions in the supply of goods and services or increases in demand. In a pre-banking economy the quantity of money available, and hence the level of demand, is equivalent to the quantity of gold available.
If the statements above are true, then it is also true that in a pre-banking economy
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300难题
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Clearbell Telephone provides slow-dialing (SD) service to customers for a low fee, and fast-dialing (FD) service to other customers who pay a somewhat higher fee. FD technology, however, is so efficient that it costs Clearbell substantially less per average call to provide than does SD. Nonetheless, accountants have calculated that Clearbell's profits would drop if it provided FD to all its customers at the current low-fee rate.Assume that installation costs for FD are insignificant if the customer already has SD service.
Which of the following, if true about Clearbell, best explains the results of the accountants' calculation?
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300难题
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Mashika: We already know from polling data that some segments of the electorate provide significant support to Ms. Puerta. If those segments also provide significant support to Mr. Quintana, then no segment of the electorate that provides significant support to Mr. Quintana provides significant support to Mr. Ramirez.Salim: But actually, as the latest polling data conclusively shows, at least one segment of the electorate does provide significant support to both Mr. Quintana and Mr. Ramirez.
Among the following statements, which is it most reasonable to infer from the assertions by Mashika and Salim?
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300难题
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Advertisement: Today's customers expect high quality. Every advance in the quality ofmanufactured products raises customer expectations. The company that is satisfied with the current quality of its products will soon find that its customers are not. At MegaCorp, meeting or exceeding customer e
xpectations is our goal.
Which of the following must be true on the basis of the statements in the advertisement above?
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300难题
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Ozone in the stratosphere blocks deadly ultraviolet rays from the sun, but chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in aerosols and other products have thinned this protective layer. Evidence of this is the ozone hole that forms over the South Pole every Antarctic spring as temperatures drop below – 78 ° C, the temperature at which ozone depletion occurs. Measurements of the ozone hole taken at various times this spring show that, compared with the same times the previous year, its area diminished by four million square kilometers. Nevertheless, scientists have not concluded that the ozone layer is recovering.
Which of the following would, if true, provide the strongest reason for the scientists' reaction to the measurements?
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300难题
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Pharmaceutical companies spend more than ever on research and development; yet the number of new drugs patented each year has dropped since 1963. At the same time, profits- at constant 1963 dollars-for the industry as a whole have been steadily increasing.
Which of the following, if true, is the single factor most likely to explain, at least in part, the three trends mentioned above for money spent, drugs patented, and profits made?
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300难题
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First discovered several years ago in North American lakes and rivers, the northern snakehead is a nonnative fish with no local predators. To keep the northern snakehead's population from growing, for the past three years wildlife officials have been paying recreational fishers for each northern snakehead they catch. In this way, the officials hope to stop the northern snakeheads from eliminating rare native fish species.
To evaluate the likelihood that the wildlife officials' plan will succeed, it would be most useful to determine which of the following?
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300难题
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Although elementary school children have traditionally received considerable instruction in creating visual art, there has been no such instruction in music. Consequently, in contrast to the situation for visual art, most people as adults do not recognize the artistic intentions of composers. To remedy this situation, a few educators now recommend teaching elementary school students to compose music.
Which of the following, if true, is the strongest basis for arguing that implementation of the recommendation will not lead to the desired result?
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300难题
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Distressed by his own personal tragedies, the Roman philosopher Cicero once asked himself whether a wise person should try to achieve the Stoic ideal of complete emotionlessness. Cicero reasoned that, however desirable the goal may be, a wise person could never attain it, since emotions are not simply irrational urges. They are, rather, a product of one's estimate of the goodness and badness of the events, people, and actions one witnesses.
Which of the following is an assumption required by Cicero's reasoning?
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300难题
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A new handheld device purports to determine the severity of concussions by reading the brain's electrical signals and comparing them to a database of 15,000 scans compiled at a brain research lab. The device is intended to help doctors decide whether an athlete who has received a blow to the head during a competition should be sent back into the game.
Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the device for its intended purpose?
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300难题
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The “new scholarship” mentioned in the first paragraph suggests which of the following concerning the “promises” mentioned in lines 4–5?
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300难题
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According to the passage, the five writers object to the scientific method primarily because they think it
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300难题
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The author discusses "the democratic ethic" (see lines 26–34) in order to
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300难题
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It can be inferred that the idea of "an organic relationship between the self and the cosmos" (see lines 44–45) is necessary to the thinking of the five writers because such a relationship
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300难题
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Which of the following best summarizes the "turning point" mentioned in line 2?
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