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OG18-语文分册 OG19-语文分册 OG20-语文分册
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Nearly unrivaled in their biological diversity, coral reefs provide a host of benefits that includes the supply of protein for people, protecting shorelines, and they contain biochemical sources for new life-saving medicines.
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OG18-语文分册 OG19-语文分册 OG20-语文分册
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An analysis of tree bark all over the globe shows that chemical insecticides have often spread thousands of miles from where they were originally used.
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OG18-语文分册 OG19-语文分册 OG20-语文分册
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Child development specialists believe that, in confining babies much of the time to strollers, high chairs, playpens, and walkers, muscle development can be inhibited.
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OG18-语文分册
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The passage implies that national policies that rely heavily on economic indicators such as the GDP tend to
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OG18-语文分册
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[line:21:enable]The author of the passage mentions “groups that live in different places” (in line 21) most probably in order to
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OG18-语文分册
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[line:10:enable]Which of the following best describes the function of lines 10-13?
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Human beings, born with a drive to explore and experiment, thrive on learning. Unfortunately, corporations are oriented predominantly toward controlling employees, not fostering their learning. Ironically, this orientation creates the very conditions that predestine employees to mediocre performances. Over time, superior performance requires superior learning, because long-term corporate survival depends on continually exploring new business and organizational opportunities that can create new sources of growth.To survive in the future, corporations must become "learning organizations," enterprises that are constantly able to adapt and expand their capabilities. To accomplish this, corporations must change how they view employees. The traditional view that a single charismatic leader should set the corporation`s direction and make key decisions is rooted in an individualistic worldview. In an increasingly interdependent world, such a view is no longer viable. in learning organizations, thinking and acting are integrated at all job levels. Corporate leadership is shared, and leaders become designers, teachers, and stewards, roles requiring new skills: the ability to build shared vision, to reveal and challenge prevailing mental models, and to foster broader, more integrated patterns of thinking. in short, leaders in learning organizations are responsible for building organizations in which employees are continually learning new skills and expanding their capabilities to shape their future.
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OG18-语文分册
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According to the passage, traditional corporate leaders differ from leaders in learning organizations in that the former
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OG18-语文分册
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Which of the following best describes employee behavior encouraged within learning organizations, as such organizations are described in the passage?
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Structural unemployment-the unemployment that remains even at the peak of the economy`s upswings-is caused by an imbalance between the types and locations of available employment on the one hand and the qualifications and locations of workers on the other hand. When such an imbalance exists, both labor shortages and unemployment may occur, despite a balance between supply and demand for labor in the economy as a whole. Because technological change is likely to displace some workers, it is a major factor in producing structural unemployment. While technological advance almost invariably results in shifts in demands for different types of workers, it does not necessarily result in unemployment. Relatively small or gradual changes in demand are likely to cause little unemployment. In the individual firm or even in the labor market as a whole, normal attrition may
be sufficient to reduce the size of the work force in the affected occupations. Relatively large or rapid changes, however, can cause serious problems. Workers may lose their jobs and find themselves without the skills necessary to obtain new jobs. Whether this displacement leads to structural unemployment depends on the amount of public and private sector resources devoted to retraining and placing those workers. Workers can be encouraged to move where there are jobs, to reeducate or retrain themselves, or to retire. In addition, other factors affecting structural unemployment, such as capital movement, can be controlled. Increased structural unemployment, should it occur, makes it difficult for the economy to achieve desired low rates of unemployment along with low rates of inflation. If there is a growing pool of workers who lack the necessary skills for the available jobs, increases in total
labor demand will rapidly generate shortages of qualified workers. As the wages of those workers are bid up, labor costs, and thus prices, rise. This phenomenon may be an important factor in the rising trend, observed for the past two decades, of unemployment combined with inflation. Government policy has placed a priority on reducing inflation, but these efforts have nevertheless caused unemployment to increase.
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OG18-语文分册
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The passage is primarily concerned with
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OG18-语文分册
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All of the following are mentioned as ways of controlling the magnitude of structural unemployment EXCEPT
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OG18-语文分册
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The passage suggests that the phenomenon of combined unemployment and inflation is
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OG18-语文分册
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Which of the following best describes the function of the second sentence of the passage (highlight text) in the context of the passage as a whole?
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In 1971 researchers hoping to predict earthquakes in the short term by identifying precursory phenomena (those that occur a few days before large quakes but not otherwise) turned their attention to changes in seismic waves that had been detected prior to earthquakes. An explanation for such changes was offered by "dilatancy theory," based on a well-known
phenomenon observed in rocks in the laboratory: as stress builds, microfractures in rock close, decreasing the rock`s volume. But as stress continues to increase, the rock begins to crack and expand in volume, allowing groundwater to seep in, weakening the rock. According to this theory, such effects could lead to several precursory phenomena in the field, including a change in the velocity of seismic waves, and an increase in small, nearby tremors. [line:18][hl:6]Researchers initially reported success in identifying these possible precursors, but subsequent analyses of their data proved disheartening.[/line:18][/hl:6] Seismic waves with unusual velocities were recorded before some earthquakes, but while the historical record confirms that most large earthquakes are preceded by minor tremors, these foreshocks indicate nothing about the magnitude of an impending quake and are indistinguishable from other minor tremors that occur without large earthquakes. In the 1980s, some researchers turned their efforts from short-term to long-term prediction. Noting that earthquakes tend to occur repeatedly in certain regions, Lindh and Baker attempted to identify patterns of recurrence, or earthquake cycles, on which to base predictions. In a study of earthquake-prone sites along the San Andreas Fault, they determined that quakes occurred at intervals of approximately 22 years near one site and concluded that there was a 95 percent probability of an earthquake in that area by 1992. The earthquake did not occur within the time frame predicted, however.Evidence against the kind of regular earthquake cycles that Lindh and Baker tried to establish has come from a relatively new ♦field, paleoseismology. Paleoseismologists have unearthed and dated geological features such as fault scarps that were caused by earthquakes thousands of years ago. They have determined that the average interval between ten earthquakes that took place at one site along the San Andreas Fault in the past two millennia was 132 years, but individual intervals ranged greatly, from 44 to 332 years.
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OG18-语文分册
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According to the passage, laboratory evidence concerning the effects of stress on rocks might help account for
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OG18-语文分册
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[line:18:enable]The author implies which of the following about the ability of the researchers mentioned in line 18 to predict earthquakes?
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Exactly when in the early modern era Native Americans began exchanging animal furs with Europeans for European-made goods is uncertain. What is fairly certain, even though they left
no written evidence of having done so, is that the first Europeans to conduct such trade during the modern period were fishing crews working the waters around Newfoundland. Archaeologists had noticed that sixteenth-century Native American sites were strewn with iron bolts and metal pins. [line:11][hl:4]Only later, upon reading Nicolas Denys`s 1672 account of seventeenth-century European settlements in North America, did archaeologists realize that sixteenth-century European fishing crews had dismantled and exchanged parts of their ships for furs.[/hl:4][/line:11] By the time Europeans sailing the Atlantic coast of North America first documented the fur trade, it was apparently well underway. The first to record such trade-the captain of a Portuguese vessel sailing from Newfoundland in 1501-observed that a Native American aboard the ship wore Venetian silver earrings. Another early chronicler noted in 1524 that[line:24][hl:6] Native Americans living along the coast of what is now[/hl:6][/line:24] New England had become selective about European trade goods: they accepted only knives, fishhooks, and sharp metal. By the time Cartier sailed the Saint Lawrence River ten years later, Native Americans had traded with Europeans for more than thirty years, perhaps half a century.
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OG18-语文分册
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According to the passage, which of the following is true of the strategy that Du Bois' 1918 editorial urged African Americans to adopt during the First World War?
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OG18 OG19 OG20 OG2022
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For each student in a certain class, a teacher adjusted the student's test score using the formula y = 0.8x + 20, where x is the student's original test score and y is the student's adjusted test score. If the standard deviation of the original test scores of the students in the class was 20, what was the standard deviation of the adjusted test scores of the students in the class?
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