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The author of the passage would probably agree with which of the following statement about the SCNs ?
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A small number of the forest species of lepidoptera (moths and butterflies, which exist as caterpillars during most of their life cycle) exhibit regularly recurring patterns of population growth and decline –- such fluctuations in population are known as population cycles. Although many different variables influence population levels, a regular pattern such as a population cycle seems to imply a dominant, driving force. Identification of that driving force, however, has proved surprisingly elusive despite considerable research. The common approach of studying causes of population cycle by measuring the mortality caused by different agents, such as predatory birds or parasites, has been unproductive in the case of lepidoptera. Moreover, population ecologists' attempts to alter cycles by changing the caterpillars' habitat and by reducing caterpillar populations have not succeeded. [line:18][hl:3]In short, the evidence implies that these insect populations, if not self-regulating, may at least be regulated by an agent more intimately connected with the insect than are predatory birds or parasites.[/hl:3][/line:18]Recent work suggests that this agent may be a virus. For many years, viral disease had been reported in declining populations of caterpillars, but population ecologists had usually considered viral disease to have contributed to the decline once it was underway rather than to have initiated it. The recent work has been made possible by new techniques of molecular biology that allow viral DNA to be detected at low concentrations in the environment. Nuclear polyhedrosis viruses are hypothesized to be the driving force behind population cycles in Lepidoptera in part because the viruses themselves follow an infectious cycle in which, if protected from direct sunlight, they may remain virulent for many years in the environment, embedded in durable crystals of polyhedron protein. Once ingested by a caterpillar, the crystals dissolve, releasing the virus to infect the insect's cells. Late in the course of the infection, millions of new virus particles are formed and enclosed in polyhedron crystals. These crystals reenter the environment after the insect dies and decomposes, thus becoming available to infect other caterpillars.One of the attractions of this hypothesis is its broad applicability. Remarkably, despite significant differences in habitat and behavior, many species of lepidoptera have population cycles of similar length, between eight and eleven years. Nuclear polyhedrosis viral infection is one factor these disparate species share.
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It can be inferred from the passage that the mortality caused by agents such as predatory birds or parasites was measured in an attempt to
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It can be inferred from the passage that while inside its polyhedrin protein crystals, the nuclear polyhedrosis virus
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[line:2:enable]The passage suggests which of the following about the seventeenth-century English women mentioned in highlight text?
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Which of the following, if true, would most clearly undermine Gallagher's explanation of the link between Royalism and feminism?
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According to the passage, each of the following is true of endangered amphibian species EXCEPT:
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Jacob Burckhardt`s view that Renaissance European women "stood on a footing of equality" with Renaissance men has been cited by feminist scholars as a prelude to their presentation of rich historical evidence of women's inequality. In striking contrast to Burckhardt, Joan Kelly in her famous 1977 essay, "Did Women Have a Renaissance?" argued that the Renaissance was a period of economic and social decline for women relative both to Renaissance men and to medieval women. Recently. however, a significant trend among feminist [hl:2][hl:4]scholars[/hl:4][/hl:2] has entailed a rejection of both Kelly's dark vision of the Renaissance and Burckhardt`s rosy one. Many recent works by these scholars stress the ways in which differences among Renaissance women-especially in terms of social status and religion-work to complicate the kinds of generalizations both Burckhardt and Kelly made on the basis of their observations about upper-class Italian women.The trend is also evident, however, in works focusing on those middle- and upper-class European women whose ability to write gives them disproportionate representation in the historical record. Such women were, simply by virtue of their literacy, members of a tiny minority of the population, so it is risky to take their descriptions of their experiences as typical of "female experience" in any general sense. Tina Krontiris, for example, in her fascinating study of six Renaissance women writers, does tend at times to conflate "women" and"women writers," assuming that women`s gender, irrespective of other social differences, including literacy, allows us to view women as a homogeneous social group and make that group an object of analysis. Nonetheless, Krontiris makes a significant contribution to the field and is representative of those authors who offer what might be called a cautiously Optimistic assessment of Renaissance women`s achievements, although she also stresses the social obstacles Renaissance women faced when they sought to raise their "oppositional voices." Krontiris is concerned to show women intentionally negotiating some power for themselves (at least in the realm of public discourse) against potentially constraining ideologies, but in her sober and thoughtful concluding remarks, she suggests that such verbal opposition to cultural stereotypes was highly circumscribed; women seldom attacked the basic assumptions in the ideologies that oppressed them.
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According to the passage, Krontiris's work differs from that of the scholars mentioned in highlight text in which of the following ways?
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The author of the passage implies that the women studied by Krontiris are unusual in which of the following ways?
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The following appeared in a corporate planning memorandum for a company that develops amusement parks:"Because travel from our country to foreign countries has increased dramatically in recent years, our next project should be a 'World Tour' theme park with replicas of famous foreign buildings, rides that have international themes, and refreshment stands serving only foods from the country represented by the nearest ride. The best location would be near our capital city, which has large percentages of international residents and of children under the age of 16. Given the advantages of this site and the growing interest in foreign countries, the 'World Tour' theme park should be as successful as our space-travel theme park, where attendance has increased tenfold over the past decade."Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.
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The following appeared as part of an article in a weekly newsmagazine:"The country of Oleum can best solve the problem of its balance of trade deficit by further increasing the tax on its major import, crude oil. After Oleum increased the tax on imported crude oil four months ago, consumption of gasoline declined by 20 percent. Therefore, by imposing a second and significantly higher tax increase next year, Oleum will dramatically decrease its balance of trade deficit."Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.
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The following appeared in a speech by a stockholder of Consolidated Industries at the company's annual stockholders' meeting:"In the computer hardware division last year, profits fell significantly below projections, the product line decreased from 20 to only 5 items, and expenditures for employee benefits increased by 15 percent. Nevertheless, Consolidated's board of directors has approved an annual salary of more than $1 million for our company's chief executive officer. The present board members should be replaced because they are unconcerned about the increasing costs of employee benefits and salaries, in spite of the company's problems generating income."Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.
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The following appeared in a memorandum from the business planning department of Avia Airlines:"Of all the cities in their region, Beaumont and Fletcher are showing the fastest growth in the number of new businesses. Therefore, Avia should establish a commuter route between them as a means of countering recent losses on its main passenger routes. And to make the commuter route more profitable from the outset, Avia should offer a 1/3 discount on tickets purchased within two days of the flight. Unlike tickets bought earlier, discount tickets will be nonrefundable, and so gain from their sale will be greater."Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.
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The following appeared in a memorandum from the vice president of Gigantis, a development company that builds and leases retail store facilities:"Nationwide over the past five years, sales have increased significantly at outlet stores that deal exclusively in reduced-price merchandise. Therefore, we should publicize the new mall that we are building at Pleasantville as a central location for outlet shopping and rent store space only to outlet companies. By taking advantage of the success of outlet stores, this plan should help ensure full occupancy of the mall and enable us to recover quickly the costs of building the mall."Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.
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A Web 2.0 symposium is looking to Silicon Valley for some tech developers to talk about the latest disruptions in our technology-based world today. There will be a morning session and an afternoon session. Each session will have 5 developers. To reflect the diverse changing world of programming, the majority of the developers in one of these sessions will be developers who are not web developers. In the other session, at least 4 of the developers will be women. Neither session should have more than two developers from the same company.
Morning
Mark (male, web developer, Facebook)
Jeff (male, web developer, Amazon)
Jenny (female, Android developer, Google)
Jack (male, Android developer, Amazon)
Afternoon
Mike (male, web developer, Google)
Jessica(female, iOS developer, Facebook)
Patricia (female, Android developer, Facebook)
Michelle (female, web developer, Amazon)
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Brand Manager:
The decline in sales for MangoBerry apparel has various causes. One contributing factor is the rise of competitor PeachPlay, which has recently reduced its prices by 20%. PeachPlay previously received unwanted press from a consumer reports website due to a customer complaint. PeachPlay then incurred expenses to improve its public image surrounding this complaint. PeachPlay subsequently released a catchy video that went viral and boosted positive visibility for PeachPlay - units sold subsequently doubled.
Indicate in the table which cause-and-effect sequence would most likely, according to the brand manager, result in a decline in sales for MangoBerry. Make only two selections, one in each column.
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For each of the following statements, select Inferable if the statement is reasonably inferable from the information provided. Otherwise, select Not Inferable.
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CBOWe at CBO produce original programming for TV shows, mini-series, and movies. We sell contracts to television conglomerate networks for the exclusive right to broadcast our programming and sell them via DVDs. For this right, the television networks pay CBO substantial fees that help finance CBO expenses and fund future CBO programming projects.For members of the media, we provide kits complete with information on the actors / actresses in our shows, story plots, list of reviews, video clips and images. Now, however, some internet companies, through user generated content have not just a collection of video clips and digital photographs of our media programming throughout their site, but also full length versions of our movies and TV shows. Some of these users pirate our content and make it available for free via online video streaming just hours after initial release - this directly affects our DVD sales. Conditions must be placed on these practices, which go beyond basic media exposure; they harm the value of our contracts with television conglomerate networks and violate our rights as owners of the entertainment content. Video-based internet companies that wish to post such content on their websites should therefore sign contracts with the programming company that stipulate what content will be allowed and how much it will cost. As we have in the past, we will legally pursue internet video-based companies and push to have them shut down.
On VideoThe entertainment media business is quickly shifting from offline (theaters, TV, DVDs) to on-demand online streaming, where viewers expect media content to be available at their fingertips and available to everyone - a democratic notion. The internet is a democracy and users exercise their Bill of Rights through freedom of expression and open access for the information they share online. This includes links that are shared online that help users find sources for entertainment content that may or may not be illegally hosted on other web servers. The nature of sharing these links is constitutionally protected. To place unnecessary conditions on what links can and cannot be shared is to deny the average user his right to freedom of expression and right to a fair democracy.
Much of the video content online is original and it is difficult to pinpoint which ones have content that legally belongs to the programming companies - as unlike text, the video content is not easily searchable and identifiable. Further, a website is not liable for the nature of the links shared on its site - the legal nature of where the links on its site point to is out of that website's control. Online video sites are not asking for programming content to be available in their entirety freely across the web. Online video sites recognize that pirated versions of programming content can translate into poor experiences for viewers and devalue the content. But on the contrary -- free, on-demand video content of quality programming has, for the most part, generated mroe interest in many programs, its actors and actresses, artists and entertainers, and thus benefits internet users and programming companies alike. Making videos, in any time frame, accessible on the internet for the average internet user is a moral constitutional imperative and we must not forgo this great service that online video websites have created.
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For each of the following issues, select Can Infer Disagreement if, based on the information provided, it can be inferred that the programming company and the online video websites would hold opposing positions on the issue. Otherwise, select Cannot Infer Disagreement.
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