An investigation primarily funded by the Wellcome Trust suggests that adults were significantly more likely to experience subsequent physical and psychological traumas as a result of concussions taking place when a younger person.

Shrewd business executives in a variety of fields are beginning to recognize that, as a result of companies’ overwhelmingly digital presences, consumers interact first and foremost with a company’s content, and in applying the conscious and subconscious conclusions they glean from these interactions, can determine the value of that same company’s other products.

Advocates of organic food believe they will be able to foster consumer communities that can avoid the negative side effects of pesticides, eat healthier, and coexist with the environment as the societies of old did—communities that will be able to build a strong local economy, maintaining a close connection with the soil, or other goals such as these.

Archaeologists, architects, and civil engineers trying to repair the 2,500-year-old architectural wonder known as the Parthenon are still struggling to understand several aspects of its genius: the flawless proportions and balance, the remarkable precision that should have been impossible to achieve without modern tools, and its rapid construction in less than ten years.

The branches of fruit trees often either create too dense a canopy, which limits other branches’ access of air and sunlight, and cross one another, causing damage to both where they rub together.

Since implementing wiser technology management and a range of active learning projects, like challenging groups of students to research and discuss potential solutions to a relevant problem, the new high school has not only garnered a significant amount of interest from students in other schools but also spurred them to include these methods in their own classroom policies.

The author of the passage discusses Evans primarily to provide an example of a writer who

According to the passage, feminist scholars have recently cited Durkhart’s view of ancient Roman women primarily for which of the following reasons?

The passage implies that if the LIGO did not include two interferometers, then

The primary purpose of the passage is to

It can be inferred from the passage that before their detection by LIGO, the existence of gravitational waves

Proposed new health regulations for Partridge County public schools would require that students not be allowed to purchase soft drinks on school grounds. In consequence, the schools would have to remove approximately 25 of the 34 soft drink machines from the 6 schools in the district. The schools’ budgets depend in part on the revenue generated by the placement of these machines, most of which are located in areas students can access. Therefore, the proposed health regulations, if enacted, will reduce the revenue available for the schools’ budgets.

The argument relies on which of the following assumptions?

Last spring, a chili pepper garden was opened on a campground in an area with a significant raccoon population. Since raccoons are attracted to the remnants of human food, campgrounds would usually attract raccoons, yet no raccoon encounters were reported by campers. Capsaicin, a chemical present in most chili peppers, is used in sprays engineered to repel raccoons, so it is reasonable to think that the capsaicin in the chili pepper garden kept the raccoons at bay.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

Which of the following most logically completes the passage?

Lumber companies produce about the same amount of wood every year and charge a premium for their product when construction is in its peak season, but they have to charge less during periods when the construction industry is experiencing a lull. Thus, in periods when little new construction is happening, companies keep a portion of their product in factory warehouses, hoping to sell for a better price at a later point. The rate of construction this year was the highest in a decade. Nevertheless, it is possible that a part of the most recent production run will be warehoused, because _______.

Although the earliest records we have of Arabic sources using the numeral zero date back to 773 C.E., the fact that the Arabic civilization had been performing advanced mathematical operations for a century before that indicates that they understood the concept of numerical zero long before they ever put it in writing. After all, Indians and Babylonians had both developed the concept independently before then, and the Arabic people could reasonably be expected to have acquired similar concepts. And although there is a dearth of writing indicating the exchange, by the 6th century C.E. Arabs had been in close contact with Indian civilization for a prolonged period.

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

Political correspondent: The theory of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) dictates that any country threatened by another country armed with nuclear weapons should then arm itself with nuclear weapons as a deterrent to that other country’s nuclear attack. If every country were to adopt this policy, no country would be without nuclear arms.

The political correspondent’s argument relies on which of the following assumptions?

Between 2000 and 2010, the number of bass in the Mississippi River and its tributaries experienced a catastrophic decline. There is little evidence that pollution or disease was the cause, so it is likely that there was an increase in the number of bass killed by other means. Typically, recreational fishermen in the region prefer to pursue several varieties of river trout, but a state law passed in 2001 banned the catching of trout in the area. Thus, it is likely that recreational fishing was the immediate cause of the decline of the bass population.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

Larger national education budgets do not produce higher scores on international standardized tests. If they did, countries with the highest education budgets would likewise have the highest standardized test scores. In fact, when education budget figures are analyzed in such a way as to make them readily comparable between countries, any correlation between the two factors is negligible.

If the statements above are all true, which of the following can properly be inferred on the basis of them?

A proposed rule requires the installation of guardrails on all traffic bridges in the state of Willericka. However, an engineer argued that because traffic accidents on bridges account for only 2 percent of all traffic accidents in Willericka, guardrails would do little to reduce the number of traffic injuries.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the engineer’s argument?

Electronics can rust if their surface metals contain iron and are exposed to the atmosphere. Polyethylene, the chemical used in most plastic products, can protect metals from the atmosphere. Iron is non-reactive with polyethylene and polyethylene is readily available to electronics manufacturers. When the surfaces of electronics were treated with polyethylene coatings and exposed to the atmosphere, none of them became rusted during the period they were observed.

In deciding whether polyethylene coating would be useful in producing rust-free electronics for sale to consumers, it would be most helpful to determine which of the following?