公子若文章结构阅读法
很多同学对阅读这一门学科的理解，还停留在读懂就会做的层面上，所以认为阅读没有什么方法，只要读懂了就可以了。这样的认知是不正确的，假如阅读真的是读懂就会做的话，那么native speaker怎么不考满分呢？GMAT阅读作为商科研究生的入学考试，他不是一门简单的语言考试，它是在你能够读得懂文章的基础上，对文章的内容进行信息提取和逻辑推理，这也是GMAT和其他阅读考试最大的不同，就是考察逻辑推理的能力。
阅读的问题，主要分为三个阶段：读不懂、记不住、做不对。
处于第一阶段读不懂的同学，主要任务就是去积累单词、短语和长难句，先确保文章能够读懂，大部分阅读有问题的同学都是处于第二三阶段，也就是语言能力基本没有问题，但是要理解文章索要表达的意思还很吃力，以及不知道该如何做题，本文这次主要就是为大家解决读文章的方法。
很多同学存在这样的疑问，究竟是先读文章呢，还是先读题目呢，如果先读文章的话，究竟应该读到一个什么样的程度才能进入题目呢，这就是本文要教给大家的文章结构阅读法。
这个阅读方法分为两个步骤：1. 划分文章成分；2. 记住框架部分，略读细节部分。
首先划分文章成分，找到文章的论点、论证、论据部分，这个划分的原则就是相对的主观与客观，相对主观的内容就是论点，相对客观的内容就是论证和论据。很多同学会有这样一个疑问，能把文章读明白就不错了，如果还要划分成分的话就会消耗更多的时间了。此时就要引入第二个步骤了，也就是记住框架的部分，略读细节的部分，划分成分的意义就是让我们快速判断哪些需要精读而哪些可以略读，这样就可以节省大量的阅读时间了。
接下来我们就通过《南丁格尔》这篇文章为例，来感受一下这个阅读的方式。在接下来阅读的过程中，希望大家可以告别曾经错误的阅读方式，在读这篇文章的过程中，带着这样的一个任务：这篇文章中有那几个句子是第一遍读完之后需要记住的呢?
Two recent publications offer different assessments of the career of the famous British nurse Florence Nightingale. A book by Anne Summers seeks to debunk the idealizations and present a reality at odds with Nightingale's heroic reputation. According to Summers, Nightingale's importance during the Crimean War has been exaggerated：not until near the war's end did she become supervisor of the female nurses. Additionally, Summers writes that the contribution of the nurses to the relief of the wounded was at best marginal. The prevailing problems of military medicine were caused by army organizational practices, and the addition of a few nurses to the medical staff could be no more than symbolic. Nightingale's place in the national pantheon, Summers asserts, is largely due t0 the propagandistic efforts of contemporary newspaper reporters.
By contrast, the editors of a new volume of Nightingale's letters view Nightingale as a person who significantly influenced not only her own age but also subsequent generations. They highlight her ongoing efforts to reform sanitary conditions after the war. For example, when she learned that peacetime living conditions in British barracks were so horrible that the death rate of enlisted men far exceeded that of neighboring civilian populations, she succeeded in persuading the government to establish a Royal Commission on the Health of the Army. She used sums raised through public contributions to found a nurses’ training hospital in London. Even in administrative matters, the editors assert, her practical intelligence was formidable：as recently as 1947 the British Army's medical services were still using the cost-accounting system she had devised in the 1860’s.
I believe that the evidence of her letters supports continued respect for Nightingale's brilliance and creativity. When counseling a village schoolmaster to encourage children to use their faculties of observation, she sounds like a modern educator. Her insistence on classifying the problems of the needy in order to devise appropriate treatments is similar to the approach of modern social workers. In sum, although Nightingale may not have achieved all of her goals during the Crimean War, her breadth of vision and ability to realize ambitious projects have earned her an eminent place among the ranks of social pioneers.
接下来我们按文章结构阅读法来分析一下：
第一段第一句：Two recent publications offer different assessments of the career of the famous British nurse Florence Nightingale.（整篇文章的话题，需要记住）
第一段第二句：A book by Anne Summers seeks to debunk the idealizations and present a reality at odds with Nightingale's heroic reputation.（反对者的观点，需要记住）
第一段剩下的内容：细节的论证反对者的观点，可以略读
第二段第一句：By contrast, the editors of a new volume of Nightingale's letters view Nightingale as a person who significantly influenced not only her own age but also subsequent generations.（支持者的观点，需要记住）
第二段剩下的内容：细节的论证支持者的观点，可以略读
第三段第一句：I believe that the evidence of her letters supports continued respect for Nightingale's brilliance and creativity.（作者的观点，需要记住）
第三段第二句：细节论证作者的观点，可以略读
第三段第三句：In sum, although Nightingale may not have achieved all of her goals during the Crimean War, her breadth of vision and ability to realize ambitious projects have earned her an eminent place among the ranks of social pioneers.（总结全文，需要记住）
以上就是《南丁格尔》这篇文章第一遍读完之后需要记住的内容，其实也就这五句话而已，我们通过这五句话的记忆，就足够回忆出整篇文章。
希望同学们能够多加练习，掌握文章结构阅读法。
