削弱题-CR-OG12：第1-10题 练习册详情

1

Homeowners aged 40 to 50 are more likely to purchase ice cream and are more likely to purchase it in larger amounts than are members of any other demographic group. The popular belief that teenagers eat more ice cream than adults must, therefore, be false.

The argument is flawed primarily because the author

• fails to distinguish between purchasing and consuming
• does not supply information about homeowners in age groups other than 40 to 50
• depends on popular belief rather than on documented research findings
• does not specify the precise amount of ice cream purchased by any demographic group
• discusses ice cream rather than more nutritious and healthful foods

9983人做过此题 平均耗时为6min34s 平均正确率为 49%

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2

According to a prediction of the not-so-distant future published in 1940, electricity would revolutionize agriculture. Electrodes would be inserted into the soil, and the current between them would kill bugs and weeds and make crop plants stronger.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly indicates that the logic of the prediction above is flawed?

• In order for farmers to avoid electric shock while working in the fields, the current could be turned off at such times without diminishing the intended effects.
• If the proposed plan for using electricity were put into practice, farmers would save on chemicals now being added to the soil.
• It cannot be taken for granted that the use of electricity is always beneficial.
• Since weeds are plants, electricity would affect weeds in the same way as it would affect crop plants.
• Because a planting machine would need to avoid coming into contact with the electrodes, new parts for planting machines would need to be designed.

9957人做过此题 平均耗时为12min9s 平均正确率为 67%

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3

Cable-television spokesperson: Subscriptions to cable television are a bargain in comparison to "free" television. Remember that "free" television is not really free. It is consumers, in the end, who pay for the costly advertising that supports "free" television.

Which of the following, if true, is most damaging to the position of the cable-television spokesperson?

• Consumers who do not own television sets are less likely to be influenced in their purchasing decisions by television advertising than are consumers who own television sets.
• Subscriptions to cable television include access to some public-television channels, which do not accept advertising.
• For locations with poor television reception, cable television provides picture quality superior to that provided by free television.
• There is as much advertising on many cable television channels as there is on "free" television channels.
• Cable-television subscribers can choose which channels they wish to receive.

9978人做过此题 平均耗时为9min16s 平均正确率为 58%

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4

A conservation group in the United States is trying to change the long-standing image of bats as frightening creatures. The group contends that bats are feared and persecuted solely because they are shy animals that are active only at night.

Which of the following, if true, would cast the most serious doubt on the accuracy of the group's contention?

• Bats are steadily losing natural roosting places such as caves and hollow trees and are thus turning to more developed areas for roosting.
• Bats are the chief consumers of nocturnal insects and thus can help make their hunting territory more pleasant for humans.
• Bats are regarded as frightening creatures not only in the United States but also in Europe, Africa, and South America.
• Raccoons and owls are shy and active only at night, yet they are not generally feared and persecuted.
• People know more about the behavior of other greatly feared animal species, such as lions, alligators, and snakes, than they do about the behavior of bats.

9955人做过此题 平均耗时为11min5s 平均正确率为 48%

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5

Physician: The hormone melatonin has shown promise as a medication for sleep disorders when taken in synthesized form. Because the long-term side effects of synthetic melatonin are unknown, however, I cannot recommend its use at this time. Patient: Your position is inconsistent with your usual practice. You prescribe many medications that you know have serious side effects, so concern about side effects cannot be the real reason you will not prescribe melatonin.

The patient's argument is flawed because it fails to consider that

• the side effects of synthetic melatonin might be different from those of naturally produced melatonin
• it is possible that the physician does not believe that melatonin has been conclusively shown to be effective
• sleep disorders, if left untreated, might lead to serious medical complications
• the side effects of a medication can take some time to manifest themselves
• known risks can be weighed against known benefi ts, but unknown risks cannot

9960人做过此题 平均耗时为10min7s 平均正确率为 57%

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6

A drug that is highly effective in treating many types of infection can, at present, be obtained only from the bark of the ibora, a tree that is quite rare in the wild. It takes the bark of 5,000 trees to make one kilogram of the drug. It follows, therefore, that continued production of the drug must inevitably lead to the ibora's extinction.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

• The drug made from ibora bark is dispensed to doctors from a central authority.
• The drug made from ibora bark is expensive to produce.
• The leaves of the ibora are used in a number of medical products.
• The ibora can be propagated from cuttings and grown under cultivation.
• The ibora generally grows in largely inaccessible places.

9989人做过此题 平均耗时为6min6s 平均正确率为 51%

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7

Robot satellites relay important communications and identify weather patterns. Because the satellites can be repaired only in orbit, astronauts are needed to repair them. Without repairs, the satellites would eventually malfunction. Therefore, space flights carrying astronauts must continue.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the argument above?

• Satellites falling from orbit because of malfunctions burn up in the atmosphere.
• Although satellites are indispensable in the identification of weather patterns, weather forecasters also make some use of computer projections to identify weather patterns.
• The government, responding to public pressure, has decided to cut the budget for space flights and put more money into social welfare programs.
• Repair of satellites requires heavy equipment, which adds to the amount of fuel needed to lift a spaceship carrying astronauts into orbit.
• Technical obsolescence of robot satellites makes repairing them more costly and less practical than sending new, improved satellites into orbit.

9997人做过此题 平均耗时为14min39s 平均正确率为 50%

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8

Offshore oil-drilling operations entail an unavoidable risk of an oil spill, but importing oil on tankers presently entails an even greater such risk per barrel of oil. Therefore, if we are to reduce the risk of an oil spill without curtailing our use of oil, we must invest more in offshore operations and import less oil on tankers.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

• Tankers can easily be redesigned so that their use entails less risk of an oil spill.
• Oil spills caused by tankers have generally been more serious than those caused by offshore operations.
• The impact of offshore operations on the environment can be controlled by careful management.
• Offshore operations usually damage the ocean floor, but tankers rarely cause such damage.
• Importing oil on tankers is currently less expensive than drilling for it offshore.

9994人做过此题 平均耗时为10min35s 平均正确率为 59%

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9

In the last decade there has been a significant decrease in coffee consumption. During this same time, there has been increasing publicity about the adverse long-term effects on health of the caffeine in coffee. Therefore, the decrease in coffee consumption must have been caused by consumers' awareness of the harmful effects of caffeine.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the explanation above?

• On average, people consume 30 percent less coffee today than they did 10 years ago.
• Heavy coffee drinkers may have mild withdrawal symptoms, such as headaches, for a day or so after significantly decreasing their coffee consumption.
• Sales of specialty types of coffee have held steady as sales of regular brands have declined.
• The consumption of fruit juices and caffeine-free herbal teas has increased over the past decade.
• Coffee prices increased steadily in the past decade because of unusually severe frosts in coffee-growing nations.

9978人做过此题 平均耗时为10min53s 平均正确率为 43%

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10

Some anthropologists study modern-day societies of foragers in an effort to learn about our ancient ancestors who were also foragers. A flaw in this strategy is that forager societies are extremely varied. Indeed, any forager society with which anthropologists are familiar has had considerable contact with modern, non-forager societies.

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the criticism made above of the anthropologists' strategy?

• All forager societies throughout history have had a number of important features in common that are absent from other types of societies.
• Most ancient forager societies either dissolved or made a transition to another way of life.
• All anthropologists study one kind or another of modern-day society.
• Many anthropologists who study modern-day forager societies do not draw inferences about ancient societies on the basis of their studies.
• Even those modern-day forager societies that have not had significant contact with modern societies are importantly different from ancient forager societies.

9783人做过此题 平均耗时为14min17s 平均正确率为 48%

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