【GMAT考满分阅读RC题库】There is widespread belief that the emergence of g_真题_答案

GWD - 阅读RC - 302

题目内容

题目材料

There is widespread belief that the emergence of giant industries has been accompanied by an equivalent surge in industrial research. A recent study of important inventions made since the turn of the century reveals that more than half were the product of individual inventors working alone, independent of organized industrial research. While industrial laboratories contributed such important products as nylon and transistors, independent inventors developed air conditioning, the automatic transmission, the jet engine, the helicopter, insulin, and streptomycin. Still other inventions, such as stainless steel, television, silicones, and Plexiglas were developed through the combined efforts of individuals and laboratory teams.

Despite these finding, we are urged to support monopolistic power on the grounds that such power creates an environment supportive of innovation. We are told that the independent inventor, along with the small firm, cannot afford to undertake the important research needed to improve our standard of living while protecting our diminishing resources; that only the giant corporation or conglomerate, with its prodigious assets, can afford the kind of expenditures that produce the technological advances vital to economic progress. But when we examine expenditures for research, we find that of the more than $35 billion spent each year in this country, almost two-thirds is spent by the federal government. More than half of this government expenditure is funneled into military research and product development, accounting for the enormous increase in spending in such industries as nuclear energy, aircraft, missiles, and electronics. There are those who consider it questionable that these defense-linked research projects will either improve our standard of living or do much to protect our diminishing resources.

Recent history has demonstrated that we may have to alter our longstanding conception of the process actuated by competition. The price variable, once perceived as the dominant aspect of the process, is now subordinate to the competition of the new product, the new business structure, and the new technology. While it can be assumed that in a highly competitive industry not dominated by single corporation, investment in innovation—a risky and expensive budget item—might meet resistance from management and stockholders concerned about cost-cutting, efficient organization, and large advertising budgets, it would be an egregious error to equate the monopolistic producer with bountiful expenditures on research. Large-scale enterprises tend to operate more comfortably in stable and secure circumstances, and their managerial bureaucracies tend to promote the status quo and resist the threat implicit in change. Moreover, in some cases, industrial giants faced with little or no competition seek to avoid the capital loss resulting from obsolescence by deliberately obstructing technological progress. By contrast, small firms undeterred by large investments in plant and capital equipment often aggressively pursue new techniques and new products, investing in innovation in order to expand their market shares.

The conglomerates are not, however, completely except from strong competitive pressures. There are instances in which they too must compete with another industrial Goliath, and then their weapons may include large expenditures for innovation.

The primary purpose of the passage is to

Aadvocate an increase in government support of organized industrial research
Bpoint out a common misconception about the relationship between the extent of industrial research and the growth of monopolistic power in industry
Cdescribe the inadequacies of small firms in dealing with the important matter of research and innovation
Dshow that America's strength depends upon individual ingenuity and resourcefulness
Eencourage free-market competition among industrial giants

显示答案

正确答案: B

讨论题目或发起提问

题目讨论

按热度
按顺序

bluefield_wild

长文章，句子反而都比较简单，文章大意：

第一段：很多人认为工作巨头的出现伴随着工业研究的浪潮。最近一个研究发现，世纪之交以后超过一半的发明来自于独立的个人发明家。工业实验室发明了一些东西，个人发明了一些东西，个人和实验室合力发明了一些。
第二段：我们总是被告知垄断企业才能支持的起重要的创新，而小企业没有这个实力。但是实际上研究的花费大多来自于联邦政府，并且超过一半是投入到军工企业。
第三段：我们可能要改变竞争所带来的一些理念。在一个高度竞争的工业环境里，管理着反而不愿意投资创新，甚至有些没有面临竞争的巨头为了避免资本流失反而阻碍技术创新，把垄断和创新等同起来是错的。反而，小企业为了逐利更追求创新。
第四段：巨头也并不是完全不面临竞争压力，例如和另外一个巨头火拼的时候，他们会花大钱在“武器”的创新上。

通篇在讲的都是把垄断和创新等同是错的，所以选B。其余几个答案很明显不对

2014-09-09 22:09:06 IP属地：天津举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

微微要考gmat

长得和托福阅读有的一拼了……

2016-01-03 04:50:23 IP属地：局域网举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

杀G的芙小埋

这篇真的是太太太长了

2015-09-26 21:39:20 IP属地：天津举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

RhymeTu

wide spread belief。。。。。新老观点对比型文章

2017-05-21 15:33:54 IP属地：江苏举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

cmsgo

我的笔记
一：widespread belief VS recent study 得出individual research在industrial innovation中的重要性
二：monopolistic power support innovation（old view） VS examination on expenditures for research 得出monopolistic powers所产生的innovation不一定有利于improve living standard/protect diminishing resources
三：longstanding conception VS recent history 得出即使competition可能阻碍innovation，monopolistic producer也不等于bountiful expen

2019-07-29 14:57:59 IP属地：北京举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

cmsgo 回复 cmsgo

bountiful expenditures on research, small firms might pursue innovation aggressively
四：承认 conglomerates （monopolistic producers）也是可能促进innovation

2019-07-29 14:58:04 IP属地：北京举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

cmsgo 回复 cmsgo

修正一下，第四段的conglomerates不等于monopolistic producers

2019-07-29 15:07:28 IP属地：北京举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

魔法喵酱

理清楚文章脉络后就会比较明显了，新旧观点对比文，第三段提出新观点最关键，改变long standing conception和B选项一致。

2017-10-03 02:56:01 IP属地：中国香港举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

QIAOZIBAI

这篇文章的第三段到底TM的想讲什么

2018-09-26 11:45:35 IP属地：北京举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

小生态

这么长一篇阅读，只有一个题目么？

2016-01-23 22:25:58 IP属地：福建举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

AnnieLai

太长了读的匆忙都没怎么读懂 RC错4个这篇就2个。。。

2017-06-26 15:15:31 IP属地：四川举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

hyytuofuguo

d怎么错了

2019-10-28 12:49:01 IP属地：河南举报

广告等垃圾信息
不文明内容
与主题无关
其他应该删除的内容

回复取消

正确率： 82%

难度：

选择材料题号

GWD

GWD
PREP07 Test 1
PREP07 Test 2
PREP2012
OG16
OG17
PREP08 Test 1
PREP08 Test 2
Manhattan
Magoosh
OG18
OG18-数学分册
OG18-语文分册
OG19
OG19-语文分册
OG19-数学分册
OG20
OG20-语文分册
OG20-数学分册

SET 1

题目来源

题目来源1:GWD

GMAT 考满分题库

题目讨论

bluefield_wild

微微要考gmat

杀G的芙小埋

RhymeTu

cmsgo

cmsgo 回复 cmsgo

cmsgo 回复 cmsgo

魔法喵酱

QIAOZIBAI

小生态

AnnieLai

hyytuofuguo

最新提问