【GMAT考满分阅读RC题库】Recently biologists have been interested in a tide_真题_答案

GWD - 阅读RC - 9

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Recently biologists have been interested in a tide-associated periodic behavior displayed by the diatom Hantzschia virgata, a microscopic golden-brown alga that inhabits that portion of a shoreline washed by tides (the intertidal zone). Diatoms of this species, sometimes called "commuter" diatoms, remain burrowed in the sand during high tide, and emerge on the sand surface during the daytime low tide. Just before the sand is inundated by the rising tide, the diatoms burrow again. Some scientists hypothesize that commuter diatoms know that it is low tide because they sense an environmental change, such as an alteration in temperature or a change in pressure caused by tidal movement. However, when diatoms are observed under constant conditions in a laboratory, they still display periodic behavior, continuing to burrow on schedule for several weeks. This indicates that commuter diatoms, rather than relying on environmental cues to keep time, possess an internal pacemaker or biological clock that enables them to anticipate periodic changes in the environment. A commuter diatom has an unusually accurate biological clock, a consequence of the unrelenting environmental pressures to which it is subjected; any diatoms that do not burrow before the tide arrives are washed away.

This is not to suggest that the period of this biological clock is immutably fixed. Biologists have concluded that even though a diatom does not rely on the environment to keep time, environmental factors—including changes in the tide's hydrostatic pressure, salinity, mechanical agitation, and temperature—can alter the period of its biological clock according to changes in the tidal cycle. In short, the relation between an organism's biological clock and its environment is similar to that between a wristwatch and its owner: the owner cannot make the watch run faster or slower, but can reset the hands. However, this relation is complicated in intertidal dwellers such as commuter diatoms by the fact that these organisms are exposed to the solar-day cycle as well as to the tidal cycle, and sometimes display both solar-day and tidal periods in a single behavior. Commuter diatoms, for example, emerge only during those low tides that occur during the day.

The author of the passage compares the relationship between an organism's biological clock and its environment to the relation between a wristwatch and its owner most probably in order to

Aquestion the accuracy of the biological clock in organisms such as the commuter diatom
Bsupport an argument regarding the methods used by certain organisms to counteract the influence of the environment on their biological clocks
Csuggest that there are important similarities between the biological clock in organisms such as the commuter diatom and the biological clock in humans
Dillustrate the way in which the period of an organism's biological clock can be altered by environmental factors
Epoint out a fundamental difference between the function of biological clocks in organisms and the use of mechanical clocks by humans

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正确答案: D

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PriscillaWEI

这个例子就是为了支持第二段的主题句，就是第一句话。第一段最后得出的结论是，科学家人为了commutor diatom不是依赖于环境的，第二段开头又说 this is not to suggest..进行了一次让步：即使不依赖于环境，但是确实环境会改变一些东西，然后紧接着啪一个类比，这就是在支持我们刚刚分析的主题句。不要过多的纠结类比本身

2017-08-06 14:46:07 IP属地：甘肃举报

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没钱就一次成功回复 PriscillaWEI

同意

2020-11-21 20:00:42 IP属地：局域网举报

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在中的Amour

类比人和钟表。人就是环境的environmental factors，钟表就是diatom。你不能改变钟表每分每秒的间隔吧，就像diatom那个cycle的accuracy也是一样的。但是人可以改变从什么时候开始转啊，就像environmental可以影响cycle一样

2017-10-28 14:42:44 IP属地：广东举报

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timhong

可以从文章结构来看，这个类比是作为第二段前面论点的一个论据，来支持前面的观点

2018-10-23 23:53:35 IP属地：北京举报

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malen

counteract 抵消

2016-12-18 13:36:00 IP属地：四川举报

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Evie

为什么D不对啊

2013-08-21 11:18:26 IP属地：山东举报

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Harden1996 回复 Evie

五年后你应该知道，答案就是D

2018-08-05 21:30:18 IP属地：北京举报

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mini4320 回复 Harden1996

五年後你還會發現很多人為了說服自己錯的答案也可以硬講成對的

2018-10-11 19:22:41 IP属地：北京举报

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hk91v 回复 Harden1996

好皮啊~兄弟

2018-11-30 17:06:55 IP属地：北京举报

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求求你让我过吧

B怎么不对呢

2018-05-05 20:26:47 IP属地：湖北举报

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求求你让我过吧回复求求你让我过吧

B certain有机体不可以自己抵消环境的影响（类比人不可以让钟表走快），但是它可以被环境所改变（类比人把时间调快）。是这个意思吗

2018-05-05 20:31:10 IP属地：湖北举报

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timhong 回复求求你让我过吧

建议结合一下第二段的结构来看，这个类比是支持前面作者的观点的

2018-10-23 23:55:37 IP属地：北京举报

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hjikod

这一题的定位是 In short, the relation between an organism\'s biological clock and its environment is similar to that between a wristwatch and its owner: the owner cannot make the watch run faster or slower, but can reset the hands. 而in short是总之，简而言之的意思，所以这一句话是对上一句话的一个归纳，而上一句说了environmental factors-including....can alter the period of its biological clock according to changes in the tidal cycle.所以这题的答案是B。

2015-01-06 07:18:23 IP属地：局域网举报

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克村

老实说我没理解手表和手表主人的这个例子和前面说的diatom的生物钟还是会受到环境的影响之间的类比性。什么叫不能控制手表走的快慢却可以reset the hands 这和海藻调整生物钟有啥可比性? 我转不过弯来

2016-05-30 02:33:02 IP属地：法国举报

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superzliang

the owner cannot make the watch run faster or slower, but can reset the hands.重点是but 后面

2014-06-07 14:42:51 IP属地：天津举报

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学员OxFIwt

确实会影响周期，原文中强调的是这个生物钟不是完全固定的
In short, the relation between an organism's biological clock and its environment is similar to that between a wristwatch and its owner: the owner cannot make the watch run faster or slower, but can reset the hands.

2023-11-09 21:54:27 IP属地：广东举报

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正确率： 72%

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GWD

GWD
PREP07 Test 1
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PREP08 Test 2
Manhattan
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