【GMAT考满分阅读RC题库】Scientists generally credit violent collisions bet_真题_答案

GWD - 阅读RC - 332

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Scientists generally credit violent collisions between tectonic plates, the mobilefragments of Earth's rocky outer shell, with sculpting the planet's surface, as, for example, when what is now the Indian subcontinent collided with Asia, producing the Himalayan Mountains. However, plate tectonics cannot fully explain certain massive surface features, such as the "superswell" of southern Africa, a vast plateau over 1,000 miles across and nearly a mile high. Geologic evidence shows that southern African has been slowly rising for the past 100 million years, yet it has not experienced a tectonic collision for nearly 400 million years. The explanation may be in Earth's mantle, the layer of rock underlying the tectonic plates and extending down over 1,800 miles to the outer edge of Earth's iron core.

Since the early twentieth century, geophysicists have understood that the mantle churns and roils like a thick soup. The relative low density of the hottest rock makes that material buoyant, so it slowly ascends, while cooler, denser rock sinks until heat escaping the molten core warms it enough to make it rise again. While this process of convection was known to enable the horizontal movement of tectonic plates, until recently geophysicists were skeptical of its ability to lift or lower the planet's surface vertically. However, recent technological advances have allowed geophysicists to make three-dimensional "snapshots" of the mantle by measuring vibrations, or seismic waves, set in motion by earthquakes originating in the planet's outer shell and recording the time it takes for them to travel from an earthquake's epicenter to a particular recording station at the surface. Because geophysicists know that seismic waves become sluggish in hot, low-density rock, and speed up in colder, denser regions, they can now infer the temperatures and den- sities in a given segment of the interior. By compiling a map of seismic velocities from thousands of earthquakes across the globe, they can also begin to map temperatures and densities throughout the mantle. These methods have revealed some unexpectedly immense for- mations in the deepest parts of the mantle; the largest of these is a buoyant mass of hot rock directly below Africa's southern tip. Dispelling researchers' initial doubts, computer models have confirmed that this formation is buoyant enough to rise slowly within the mantle and strong enough to push Africa upward as it rises.

The passage suggests that geophysicists can now infer the characteristics in a given segment of the mantle by doing which of the following?

AObserving how long it takes for seismic waves to travel from an earthquake's epicenter to a particular surface location and applying knowledge of how rock temperature and density affect the velocity of those waves
BAnalyzing the results of studies linking the formation of some of Earth's surface features with the violent collisions of tectonic plates and inferring the causes of the information of other features from those results
CRecording data about earthquakes throughout the world and correlating the relative force and duration of those earthquakes with information about their geological environment
DComparing data about earthquakes that occur in southern Africa's superswell with data about other types of seismic events that occur there
EUsing computer models to estimate the length of time it would take for a hypothetical landmass 1,000 miles across to rise one mile vertically

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正确答案: A

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isominia

　　科学家以前认为星球表面有山存在是因为版块撞击，比如印度撞击亚洲，产生喜马拉雅山。但是这种说法不能解释大量的山脉特征，比如superswell。南非在过去的一亿年缓慢地上升，但在接近4亿年中未收到过撞击。可能是因为地球的地幔。。。
　　科学家认为地幔就像一万浓汤一样，低浓度使得较热的岩石上浮，而一旦浓度变高温度降低就会下沉，循环往复。这就是地面构造版块对流过程，知道最近科学家还是很怀疑这种说法。科技发展是的科学家能通过测量震动或震波来做地幔的三维快照。因为震波在低浓度、热岩石中比较缓慢，而在高浓度冷区域会加速，通过地震的速度，也可以估计地幔的温度和浓度（倒推）。这种方法就揭示出很多意想不到的深层地幔的形成方式，最大的浮动热岩石在南非。电脑模型验证了这种形成方法足够让地幔浮起，也足够当地幔上升时，将非洲往上推。
这是文章的主要脉络。

2013-07-13 13:17:49 IP属地：江苏举报

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Jessie1223

定位：
Because geophysicists know that seismic waves become sluggish in hot, low-density rock, and speed up in colder, denser regions, they can now infer the temperatures and densities in a given segment of the interior.
为了能够通过给定的segment of the mantle去infer特征，就必须知道地震波的速度，以及它和温度、density具体变化的关系。

2017-09-20 19:39:48 IP属地：上海举报

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TrsitanLiu

However, recent technological advances have allowed geophysicists to make three-dimensional \"snapshots\" of the mantle by measuring vibrations, or seismic waves, set in motion by earthquakes originating in the planet\'s outer shell and recording the time it takes for them to travel from an earthquake\'s epicenter to a particular recording station at the surface

简化是by measuring and recording time

2014-08-14 09:01:15 IP属地：北京举报

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师太

此题是细节，根据given segment of the mantle进行定位，应该是找到文章70行左右，问题问的是方式，这句话开头说because好像说的不是方式，前面那句by后面的内容才是方式，我们关注by后面的内容，后面说的大概是研究地震波和震动，我们来看选项A说研究地震波，沾边，留着。B说研究地表特征，没说，杀。C说研究地震强度以及持续时间，没说，杀。D说研究这块的地震和其他形式事件的关系，杀。E说研究landmass，没说，杀。

2012-08-05 15:09:00 IP属地：保留地址举报

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zoecocoon

问题问的是geophysicists can now 现在可以怎么怎么样了，但就定位回文章里说最近的什么发现可以怎么样，印象中在第二段中间部分；重新读一下发现 ‘However, recent technological advances have allowed geophysicists to make three-dimensional "snapshots" of the mantle by。。‘ 这里记住就说可以从earthquake那里得到些信息，然后继续扫读，扫到By compiling a map 。。。“ 记住从地震的信息还能推出别的东西；找跟earthquake和earthquake还能推出别的信息的答案，只有A

2017-10-05 19:15:19 IP属地：上海举报

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Morzzzz

细节定位

2014-10-13 17:23:06 IP属地：局域网举报

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蔓蒂潘

请问是根据题干中的哪个词来定位到however ***那一句的啊？
题干：geophysicists can now infer the characteristics in a given segment of the mantle by doing which of the following?

2014-12-21 15:49:49 IP属地：局域网举报

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城

是啊一堆人说细节定位，到底根据那个词定位

2015-02-11 11:34:21 IP属地：福建举报

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Corla

and recording the time it takes for them to travel from an earthquake\'s epicenter to a particular recording station at the surface. Because geophysicists know that seismic waves become sluggish in hot, low-density rock, and speed up in colder, denser regions, they can now infer the temperatures and den- sities in a given segment of the interior.

2015-09-28 19:57:00 IP属地：局域网举报

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嗨嗨安安

However, recent technological advances have allowed geophysicists to make three-dimensional "snapshots" of the mantle by measuring vibrations, or seismic waves, set in motion by earthquakes originating in the planet's outer shell and recording the time it takes for them to travel from an earthquake's epicenter to a particular recording station at the surface
請問後面那句話是前面那句的同位語嗎

2022-07-05 15:42:45 IP属地：局域网举报

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正确率： 75%

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PREP07 Test 1
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城

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